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Table 2 Symptoms and signs of patients infected with malaria parasites

From: The clinical–epidemiological profile of malaria patients from Southern Venezuela, a critical hotspot in Latin America

Symptoms/Signs

Total (N = 287; 100%)

P. vivax (N = 200; 69.7%)

P. falciparum (N = 69; 24%)

Mixed malaria (N = 18; 6.3%)

p-value

Symptoms

 Fever

277 (96.5)

193 (96.5)

66 (95.7)

18 (100)

0.49*

 Chills

262 (91.3)

184 (92)

62 (89.9)

16 (88.9)

0.8

 Diaphoresis

127 (44.3)

95 (47.5)

27 (39.1)

5 (27.8)

0.16

 Otalgia

13 (4.5)

10 (5)

3 (4.3)

0.41*

 Epistaxis

7 (2.4)

4 (2)

2 (2.9)

1 (5.6)

0.67*

 Gingivorrhagia

5 (1.7)

3 (1.5)

2 (2.9)

0.56*

 Dyspnea

32 (11.1)

24 (12)

6 (8.7)

2 (11.1)

0.75

 Cough

33 (11.5)

19 (9.5)

13 (18.8)

1 (5.6)

0.07

 Chest pain

34 (11.8)

26 (13)

7 (10.1)

1 (5.6)

0.56*

 Abdominal pain

91 (31.7)

67 (33.5)

22 (31.9)

2 (11.1)

0.14

 Diarrhoea

39 (13.6)

29 (14.5)

7 (10.1)

3 (16.7)

0.6

 Emesis

54 (18.8)

33 (16.5)

16 (23.2)

5 (27.8)

0.28

 Myalgia

116 (40.4)

82 (41)

28 (40.6)

6 (33.3)

0.88*

 Arthralgia

113 (39.4)

79 (39.5)

28 (40.6)

6 (33.3)

0.83

 Headache

260 (90.6)

182 (91)

61 (88.4)

17 (94.4)

0.69

 Low back pain

135 (47)

97 (48.5)

30 (43.5)

8 (44.4)

0.75

Signs

 Jaundice

81 (28.2)

55 (27.5)

23 (33.3)

3 (16.7)

0.25

 Pallor

138 (48.1)

101 (50.5)

26 (37.7)

11 (61.1)

0.96

 Hepatomegaly

29 (10.1)

16 (8)

10 (14.5)

3 (16.7)

0.19

 Splenomegaly

14 (4.9)

5 (2.5)

7 (10.1)

2 (11.1)

0.02*‡

 Oliguria

19 (6.6)

10 (5)

8 (11.6)

1 (5.6)

0.16*

 Polyuria

42 (14.6)

29 (14.5)

11 (15.9)

2 (11.1)

0.87

 Choluria

110 (38.3)

77 (38.5)

27 (39.1)

6 (33.3)

0.9

 Somnolence

20 (7)

9 (4.5)

10 (14.5)

1 (5.6)

0.03

 Stupor

3 (1)

3 (4.3)

 Seizures

3 (1)

3 (4.3)

 Oedema

7 (2.4)

3 (1.5)

3 (4.3)

1 (5.6)

0.32*

 Ascites

1 (0.3)

1 (1.4)

0.23*

  1. Data is expressed as numbers (percentage). *Fisher’s exact test; Chi-square; Post-hoc analysis: significant difference for P. falciparum (standardized residue = 2.0); §Post-hoc analysis: significant difference for P. falciparum (standardized residue = 2.4)