The effect of malaria on haemoglobin concentrations: a nationally representative household fixed-effects study of 17,599 children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso

Table 2 Main household fixed-effect regression models of malaria status adjusted for sex and age

Coefficients		Overall malaria model^a	Stratified model^b
Malaria effect on haemoglobin
Overall malaria status
Reference: negative
Malaria	Estimate	− 7.5
	p-value	< 0.001
	CI 95	(− 8.5; − 6.5)
Stratified malaria status
Reference: negative
Acute			− 7.7
			< 0.001
			(− 8.8; − 6.6)
Sub-microscopic			− 7.1
			< 0.001
			(− 8.3; − 5.9)
Age group
Reference:6–12 months
13–24 months		− 2	− 2
		0.002	0.002
		(− 3.3; − 0.7)	(− 3.3; − 0.7)
25–36 months		2.8	2.8
		< 0.001	< 0.001
		(1.5; 4.1)	(1.5; 4.1)
37–48 months		8.3	8.3
		< 0.001	< 0.001
		(7.1; 9.4)	(7.1; 9.4)
49–50 months		13.2	13.3
		< 0.001	< 0.001
		(12.1; 14.4)	(12.1; 14.5)
Sex
Reference: male
Female		0.2	0.2
		< 0.001	< 0.001
		(0.13; 0.27)	(0.13; 0.27)

CI confidence interval
^aLinear regression of all malaria positive cases on haemoglobin
^bLinear regression of acute and sub-microscopic malaria cases on haemoglobin
The overall effect of all positive malaria tests is − 7.5 g/L (overall malaria model). Children with acute malaria have − 7.7 g/L less haemoglobin when compared to the healthy population. The prolonged effect after infection is − 7.1 g/L when compared to the healthy population (stratified model)

ISSN: 1475-2875