Table 2 Country context
Country | Population size, 2019 [75] | GDP—per capita (PPP) [79] (2017 est.) in US$ | Population at risk of malaria (%), 2019 [75] | Elimination target | Proportion of P. falciparum, P. vivax [18] | Funding dominance external vs domestic [18] | Treatment Guidelines | Last update of guidelines | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cambodia | 16,486,542 | $4000 | 11,659,118 (71%) | P. falciparum by 2023 and all species of malaria by 2025 [80, 81] | P. falciparum: 58% P. vivax: 41% | External | PQ14 (low dose) without G6PD testing | 2014 guidelines were reviewed, but not changed, in 2017 | While the current guidelines do not require G6PD testing (despite the WHO report stating), qualitative G6PD testing is being used in a pilot involving 88 public health facilities in 4 provinces between November 2019 and September 2020. This pilot is expected to inform the 2020 review of the guidelines |
Ethiopia | 112,078,736 | $2200 | 76,213,540 (77%) | 2030 [82] | P. falciparum: 69% P. vivax: 30% | External | PQ14 (low dose) without G6PD testing | 2018 | |
Indonesia | 270,625,584 | $12,400 | 270,625,584 (100%) | 2030 [81] | P. falciparum: 63% P. vivax: 37% | Approx. 40% domestic | PQ14 (low dose) without G6PD testing | ||
Pakistan | 216,565,320 | $540 | 212,907,532 (98%) | 2030 [81] | P. falciparum: 21% P. vivax: 78% | Nearly 50% domestic | PQ14 (low dose) G6PD testing recommended where possible, but not required (although 2018 WHO report states it as a requirement) | 2018 | Guidelines will next be updated after the 2020 therapeutic efficacy study results are available |
Papua New Guinea | 8,776,119 | $370 | 8,776,119 (100%) | 2030 [81] | P. falciparum: 76% P. vivax: 23% | External | PQ14 (low dose) without G6PD testing | 2011 | Research is planned in 2020–2021 to inform the next version of the guidelines which—pending research findings and WHO recommendations—may include PQ7 and G6PD testing for confirmed vivax cases |
Sri Lanka | 22,889,201 | $1290 | 0 (0%) | Elimination reached in 2016 [83] | NA | PQ14 (low dose) with qualitative G6PD testing | 2016 | Next planned review of the guidelines will take place in 2021, depending on the 2020 mid-term review findings and timeline | |
Vietnam | 96,462,116 | $6900 | 71,091,518 (74%) | P. falciparum by 2020 and all species of malaria by 2030 [81] | P. falciparum: 64% P. vivax: 35% | Approx. 75% external | PQ14 (low dose) without G6PD testing | 2016 | The 2018 review resulted in a decision that no updates were required. New guidelines are currently pending review with approval from the MoH expected in 2020 and will recommend but not require G6PD testing where possible, before treatment with PQ14 |