From: Extracellular vesicles in malaria: an agglomeration of two decades of research
Plasmodium species | Biomolecular cargo | Important findings in malaria derived EVsa | References |
---|---|---|---|
P. yoelii | Proteins | EVs carry reticulocyte exosome associated proteins including transferrin receptor & heat shock 70 protein No markers for microvesicles or apoptotic vesicles detected Parasite proteins with possible antigenic properties identified Parasite proteins important in host-parasite interactions identified | [54] |
P. yoelii | Proteins | EVs carry reticulocyte exosome associated proteins including transferrin receptor & heat shock 70 protein Parasite proteins with possible antigenic properties identified Parasite proteins important in host-parasite interactions identified | [55] |
P. vivax | Proteins | Human and parasite proteins Suitable model for identifying biomarkers of hypnozoite infection | [56]b |
P. berghei | Proteins | EVs contain differentially abundant proteins important for CM pathogenesis EVs contain parasite proteins | [57] |
P. berghei P. yoelii | miRNA | EVs contain significantly dysregulated miRNA species that are important for CM pathogenesis | [58] |
P. vivax | Proteins | Parasite proteins present exclusively in infection derived EVs | [59] |
P. falciparum P. vivax | miRNA | EVs contain significantly upregulated miRNAs important in malaria pathway and host-parasite interactions | [60] |
P. falciparum | Proteins | EVs contain proteins associated with complement activation, coagulation & inflammation EVs in infection exclusively contain human RAB proteins that regulate intracellular processes and cytokine secretion EVs contain parasite proteins associated with biology & virulence | [61] |