Fig. 4

The optimal location of five new health facilities (HFs) that minimizes each of the 3 different district-wide criteria: a malaria prevalence of children under 5 years of age, b incidence of all-age malaria cases per 1000 person years observed, or c travel time to health facilities (in minutes), under Scenario 2. In this scenario, the absence of existing CHPS compounds (labeled as A to C here) was assumed. The color of each pixel shows the changes in the predicted metrics (without new HFs minus with new HFs). The number associated with each proposed HF indicates their priority: location 1 had highest priority and most reduced the metric used for optimisation, while location 5 was lowest in priority and least reduced the optimisation metric