Temporal evolution of the resistance genotypes of Plasmodium falciparum in isolates from Equatorial Guinea during 20 years (1999 to 2019)

Table 1 Treatments and efficacy studies carried out over time in Equatorial Guinea

Years	Treatments and efficacy studies	No of Samples
1990–92	In vitro susceptibility of P. falciparum to CQ, AQ, MQ and SP in Equatorial Guinea [44]
1996*	Resistance: 55% CQ
1999*	Use of CQ as treatment. An efficacy study was conducted and a resistance of 40% was found (16% to SP) [45]. CQ was withdrawn	N = 60
2001*	SP introduced as a treatment	N = 102
2002/2003	Study of the efficacy of the combination AS-SP: 95% efficacy (unpublished study)
2004*	AS-SP introduced	N = 262
2005*	Study of the efficacy of the combinations AS-SP and AQ-SP [4]	N = 262
2006*	ASSP and AQSP Efficacy study of ASAQ [5]	N = 158
2008	Change of official treatment: 1st line ASAQ, 2nd line AL
2010	Efficacy study for ASAQ (unpublished study): 95% efficacy
2011*	1st line ASAQ, 2nd line AL	N = 163
2013*	1st line ASAQ, 2nd line AL	N = 170
2016*	1st line ASAQ, 2nd line AL	N = 169
2018	1st line ASAQ, 2nd line AL Efficacy study of ASAQ and AL [6]
2019*	1st line ASAQ, 2nd line AL	N = 139
2020	Change of official treatment: 1st line AL and 2nd line ASAQ

An asterisk (*) indicates the years from which samples were taken for the National Centre for Tropical Medicine collection. The different efficacy studies that have been carried out in Equatorial Guinea between 1990–92 and 2020. How the treatments changed in each year is indicated. The ‘samples’ column indicates the number of samples that were analysed for each year included in the study
CQ: Chloroquine; AQ: amodiaquine; MQ: mefloquine; SP: sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine; AS: artesunate; L: lumefantrine; A: artemether

ISSN: 1475-2875