Design and methods for a quasi-experimental pilot study to evaluate the impact of dual active ingredient insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in five regions in sub-Saharan Africa

Gansané, Adama; Candrinho, Baltazar; Mbituyumuremyi, Aimable; Uhomoibhi, Perpetua; NFalé, Sagnon; Mohammed, Audu Bala; Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo Moussa; Sanou, Antoine; Kangoye, David; Debe, Siaka; Kagone, Moubassira; Hakizimana, Emmanuel; Uwimana, Aline; Tuyishime, Albert; Ingabire, Chantal M.; Singirankabo, Joseph H.; Koenker, Hannah; Marrenjo, Dulcisaria; Abilio, Ana Paula; Salvador, Crizologo; Savaio, Binete; Okoko, Okefu Oyale; Maikore, Ibrahim; Obi, Emmanuel; Awolola, Samson Taiwo; Adeogun, Adedapo; Babarinde, Dele; Ali, Onoja; Guglielmo, Federica; Yukich, Joshua; Scates, Sara; Sherrard-Smith, Ellie; Churcher, Thomas; Fornadel, Christen; Shannon, Jenny; Kawakyu, Nami; Beylerian, Emily; Digre, Peder; Tynuv, Kenzie; Gogue, Christelle; Mwesigwa, Julia; Wagman, Joseph; Adeleke, Monsuru; Adeolu, Ande Taiwo; Robertson, Molly

doi:10.1186/s12936-021-04026-0

Table 1 Study districts, type of insecticide-treated bed nets distributed through the mass campaign, and the pre-study baseline prevalence

From: Design and methods for a quasi-experimental pilot study to evaluate the impact of dual active ingredient insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in five regions in sub-Saharan Africa

Country	Study area	ITN AI	ITN brand	Under 5 baseline prevalence* (%)	Primary vector species	Pyrethroid resistance status (WHO tube test mortality)
Burkina Faso [17]	Banfora	Chlorfenapyr + alpha-cypermethrin	Interceptor G2	RDT: 13.8	An. gambiae	High (< 50%)
	Gaoua^†	Standard pyrethroid-only	DuraNet LN, Interceptor, MAGNet, PermaNet 2.0	RDT: 32.4	An. gambiae	High (< 50%)
	Orodara	PBO	PermaNet 3.0	RDT: 13.6	An. gambiae	High (< 50%)
Northern Mozambique [18]	Mandimba	Pyriproxyfen + alpha-cypermethrin	Royal Guard	RDT: 48.6	An. funestus	Moderate (85–100%)
	Cuamba	Chlorfenapyr + alpha-cypermethrin	Interceptor G2	RDT: 48.6	An. funestus	Moderate (85–100%)
	Gurue^†	Standard pyrethroid-only	DuraNet LN	RDT: 44.3	An. funestus	Moderate (85–100%)
Western Mozambique [18]	Changara	PBO	Olyset Plus	RDT: 29.4	An. gambiae	High (60–85%)
	Guro	Chlorfenapyr + alpha-cypermethrin	Interceptor G2	RDT: 47.6	An. gambiae	High (60–85%)
	Chemba^†	Standard pyrethroid-only	DuraNet LN	RDT: 29.4	An. gambiae	High (60–85%)
Nigeria [19]	Asa	Chlorfenapyr + alpha-cypermethrin	Interceptor G2	RDT: 43.7	An. gambiae	Variable (12–94%)
	Moro	Pyriproxyfen + alpha-cypermethrin	Royal Guard	RDT: 43.7	An. gambiae	Variable (12–94%)
	Ejigbo^†	Standard pyrethroid-only	DuraNet LN	RDT: 54.9	An. gambiae	Variable (12–94%)
	Ife North	Alpha-cypermethrin + PBO	Veeralin	RDT: 54.9%	An. gambiae	Variable (12–94%)
Rwanda [20]	Karongi	Chlorfenapyr + alpha-cypermethrin	Interceptor G2	RDT: 3.1 Microscopy: 1.8	An. funestus	Low (85–100%)
	Nyamagabe^†	Deltamethrin	Yahe LN	RDT: 14.4 Microscopy: 8.7	An. funestus	Low (85–100%)
	Ruhango	Deltamethrin (and IRS)	Yahe LN	RDT: 14.4 Microscopy: 8.7	An. funestus	Low (85–100%)

IG2 Interceptor G2, IRS indoor residual spraying, ITN insecticide-treated bed net, PBO piperonyl butoxide, RDT rapid diagnostic test, RG Royal Guard
*Prevalence surveys were not conducted at the study area level. Details on each survey methodology can be found in the referenced document for each country. Additional details on each evaluation context are available in Additional file 2: Annex S1
^†Indicates study control area

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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