From: Trends of malaria infection in pregnancy in Ghana over the past two decades: a review
Zone | Study | Period of data collection | Prevalence during pregnancy and method of detection | Prevalence at delivery and method of detection |
---|---|---|---|---|
Northern Savannah | Browne et al. [14] | July 1994–Apr 1995 | 60% by microscopy |  |
Clerk et al. [15] | Jun 2004–July 2006 | 47% overall by microscopy (32% and 59% before and after the rainy season respectively) |  | |
van Spronsen et al. [20] | June 2010–August 2010 |  | 52% by microscopy (placental blood) | |
Williams et al. [16] | 31 May 2010–31 October 2011 | 58.6% detected by both microscopy or PCR (combined) 53.6% by RDT | 22.2% by RDT (peripheral blood) 28.7% by placental histology (31.3% in primigravidae vs. 25.4% in secundigravidae) | |
Ahenkorah et al. [19] | May 2013–May 2014 | 21.6% by microscopy |  | |
Anabire et al. [17] | Oct 2016–Feb 2017 | 14. 1% by RDT 13.4% by PCR |  | |
Agyemang et al. [10] | Sept 2016–Aug 2017 | Overall 25.9% by microscopy at 36 weeks (35.8% prevalence of malaria in those with no SP, 30.8% prevalence among those who took 1–2 doses of IPTp-SP and about 17% among those who took ≥ 3 doses) |  | |
Tibambuyah et al. [18] | Nov 2017–April 2018 | 13.8% by microscopy |  | |
Mwin et al. [21] | Jan 2019–April 2019 |  | 7% by microscopy (placental blood) | |
Coastal Savannah | Ofori et al. [22] | Jan 2003–Jan 2004 | 19.7% by microscopy | 35.7% by microscopy (placental blood) |
Stephens et al. [26] | July–August 2008 | 5% by microscopy | 2.5% by microscopy (placental blood) | |
Wilson et al. [23] | June–August 2009 | 28.4% overall by microscopy (15.3% among IPTp users vrs 44.7% among non-IPTp users) |  | |
Orish et al. [24] | Jan–Oct 2010 | 23% overall by microscopy (34.6% in adolescents and 21.3% in adult pregnant women) |  | |
Orish et al. [25] | Mar–Oct 2010 | 23.3% by microscopy |  | |
Volker et al. [27] | Oct 2011–Jan 2012 | 10.6% by microscopy |  | |
Tay et al. [28] | April–July 2012 | 16.5% by microscopy |  | |
Lamptey et al. [29] | Nov 2013– Sept 2014 | 16.4% prevalence of asexual parasitaemia by PCR 29.7% prevalence of submicroscopic gametocytes also by PCR |  | |
Quakyi et al. [34] | Dec 2015–May 2017 | Among two ANC cohorts 3.5% and 3.8% by microscopy 8.9% and 9.4% by PCR 42.2% and 43.1% by ultrasensitive PCR | Among two delivery cohorts 2.4% and 0% by microscopy (peripheral blood) 4.4% and 3% by PCR (peripheral blood) 12.6% and 8.7% by ultrasensitive PCR (peripheral blood) 0.3% and 0% by microscopy (placental blood) 2.5% and 1.7% by PCR (placental blood) 6.9% and 3.7% by ultrasensitive PCR (placental blood) | |
Kiptoo [33] | June 2016 | 5.5% by microscopy | Â | |
Obri et al. [35] | Jan 2017–Dec 2017 |  | 48.1% active placental infections by histology | |
Afutu et al. [31] | April–June 2017 | 10.1% by microscopy 13.1% by RDT 13.8% by PCR |  | |
Fondjo et al. [32] | July-–ug 2018 | 10.1–11.4% by microscopy (two cohorts in Accra and Tarkoradi) |  | |
Offei [30] | 12th June 2019–2nd July 2019 | 11.1% by RDT |  | |
Middle transitional/forest zone | Mockenhaupt et al. [38] | Nov–Dec, 1998 | 63% overall by microscopy and PCR |  |
Glover-Amengor et al. [36] | Rainy season of year 2000 | 35.1% by microscopy | Â | |
Mockenhaupt et al. [39] | Jan 2000–Jan 2001 | 34% by peripheral blood microscopy 53% by peripheral blood PCR 19% by an HRP2 assay | 41% by placental blood microscopy 59% by placental blood PCR 35% using HRP2 assay on placental blood | |
Tagbor et al. [46] | March 2003–December 2004 | Overall RDT prevalence of 22% (monthly prevalence ranging 9–34%) |  | |
Tutu et al. [40] | Nov 2005–March 2006 | 27.7% by microscopy |  | |
Yatich et al. [37] | Nov–Dec 2006 | 36.3% by a monoclonal antibody assay |  | |
Tagbor et al. [41] | March 2007–Sept 2008 | 16.3% by microscopy at enrolment (parasiste density ˂ 1000 parasites/microlitre 12.1% by microscopy at 36–40 weeks 23% by RDT (for symptomatic women) |  | |
Asante et al. [47] | 2008–2011 |  | 38% current or past placental parasitaemia by histology | |
Osarfo et al. [42] | July 2011– Oct 2012 | 12% by combined RDT and microscopy 17% by RDT | 28.6% by microscopy (peripheral blood) 23.8% by microscopy (placental blood) | |
Asundep et al. [43] | July–August 2011 | 9% overall using HRP2 assay |  | |
Ampofo et al. [44] | Sept 2012–April 2014 | 10.7% by microscopy at study enrolment 6% by microscopy at end of study |  | |
Dosoo et al. [45] | July 2017–March 2019 | 20.4% by microscopy |  | |
Fondjo et al. [32] | July 2018–August 2018 | 5.5% by microscopy |  |