Skip to main content

Table 3 Pfama-1 DNA sequence polymorphism and neutrality tests among global P. falciparum isolates

From: Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 antigen from the Northeast Indian state of Tripura and comparison with global sequences: implications for vaccine development

Country

S

M

H

Hd ± SD

π ± SD

k

dN/dS

Tajima’s D

Fu & Li’s D

Fu & Li’s F

This study (n = 17)

27

28

13

0.971 ± 0.028

0.02582 ± 0.00160

10.610

2.2237

1.14014 (P > 0.10)

1.36492 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

1.58826 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

India (n = 266)

115

144

169

0.9934 ± 0.0012

0.02916 ± 0.00076

10.847

2.0302

−1.64633 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

−4.50753 (P < 0.02**)

−3.68175 (P < 0.02**)

Thailand (n = 249)

30

34

30

0.923 ± 0.006

0.02565 ± 0.00030

9.542

4.6526

1.99739 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

0.80761 (P > 0.10)

1.65703 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Myanmar (n = 193)

28

30

31

0.808 ± 0.026

0.01863 ± 0.00116

6.929

4.6364

0.98548 (P > 0.10)

1.1333375 (P > 0.10)

1.31989 (P > 0.10)

The Philippines (n = 55)

28

29

15

0.900 ± 0.019

0.02512 ± 0.00073

9.344

3.2119

1.55177 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

1.26279 (P>0.10)

1.70738 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Sabah, Malaysia (n = 24)

21

23

7

0.598 ± 0.00315

0.02029 ± 0.00315

7.547

2.6648

0.83231 (P > 0.10)

-0.03391(P > 0.10)

0.27330 (P > 0.10)

Pakistan (n = 20)

12

12

4

0.574 ± 0.090

0.01348 ± 0.00206

5.016

0.9974

1.73344 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

0.55821 (P > 0.10)

1.07022 (P > 0.10)

Iran (n = 61)

27

31

37

0.967 ± 0.011

0.02382 ± 0.00088

8.861

2.581

1.09608 (P > 0.10)

1.39373 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

1.50595 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Saudi Arabia (n = 379)

33

37

41

0.939 ± 0.004

0.02841 ± 0.00036

10.570

5.2184

2.36102 (P < 0.05**)

2.15242 (P < 0.02**)

2.63450 (P < 0.02**)

Solomon Island (n = 50)

25

26

8

0.838 ± 0.021

0.02659 ± 0.00066

9.893

3.68

2.31227 (P < 0.05**)

1.51749 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

2.20957 (P < 0.05**)

Papua New Guinea (n = 255)

33

40

30

0.943 ± 0.004

0.02731 ± 0.00034

10.158

4.4694

1.57990 (P > 0.10)

0.75309 (P>0.10)

1.27532 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Vanuatu (n = 85)

20

20

5

0.633 ± 0.028

0.02239 ± 0.00074

8.331

4.9794

3.21750 (P < 0.01**)

1.31415 (P > 0.10)

2.41559 (P < 0.05**)

Venezuela (n = 40)

22

22

10

0.564 ± 0.088

0.01469 ± 0.00247

5.464

1.1437

0.18867 (P > 0.10)

−1.13830 (P > 0.10)

−0.83629 (P > 0.10)

Ghana (n = 38)

30

34

21

0.963 ± 0.013

0.02955 ± 0.00095

10.991

2.8757

1.25547 (P  >0.10)

1.45600 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

1.64929 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Mali (n = 571)

40

48

109

0.9708 ± 0.0023

0.02798 ± n.d.

10.409

4.6211

1.37111 (P > 0.10)

0.18257 (P > 0.10)

0.74883 (P > 0.10)

The Gambia (n = 126)

35

41

48

0.964 ± 0.002

0.028101 ± 0.00060

10.455

3.7438

1.15934 (P > 0.10)

1.26781 (P > 0.10)

1.38885 (P > 0.10)

Tanzania (n = 62)

32

37

32

0.967 ± 0.009

0.02885 ± 0.00078

10.731

3.343

1.19012 (P > 0.10)

2.08797 (P < 0.05**)

2.00956 (P < 0.05**)

Kenya (n = 140)

35

41

59

0.973 ± 0.005

0.02990 ± 0.00047

11.124

3.8974

1.50064 (P > 0.10)

1.25346 (P > 0.10)

1.53807 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Nigeria (n = 51)

32

36

31

0.975 ± 0.009

0.02816 ± 0.00104

10.475

3.1601

1.04100 (P > 0.10)

1.49382 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

1.52912 (0.10 > P > 0.05)

Benin: Cotonou (n = 23)

27

28

11

0.985 ± 0.040

0.02896 ± 0.00344

10.773

2.0625

0.72567 (P > 0.10)

0.96969 (P > 0.10)

1.04902 (P > 0.10)

China (n = 4)

15

15

3

0.833 ± 0.222

0.02195 ± 0.00626

8.167

0.8939

−0.01883 (P > 0.10)

1.21504 (P > 0.10)

1.15570 (P > 0.10)

Uganda (n = 59)

33

38

36

0.971 ± 0.011

0.03187 ± 0.00076

11.856

3.8062

1.49092 (P > 0.10)

2.09630 (P < 0.02**)

2.18332 (P < 0.02**)

  1. n, number of sequences included; S, Segregating site; M, Total mutation; H, Haplotype; Hd, Haplotype diversity; π, Nucleotide diversity; k, Average no. of pair wise nucleotide differences; dN/dS values were calculated including P. reichenowi as outgroup (Accession No. AJ252087) dN, rate of non-synonymous mutations; dS, rate of synonymous mutations; Fu & Li’s D and F test were performed including P. reichenowi as Outgroup (Accession No. AJ252087); Sliding Window option: window length: 100, Step size: 25; Tajima’s D, Fu & Li’s D and F test (P**) = statistically significant, P < 0.05
Back to article page

Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

Contact us