Factor | N | Proportion tested n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malaria endemicity | Epidemiological zone | ||||||
Low risk | 399 | 141 (35.3) | Ref | < 0.001 | Ref | ||
Lake endemic | 888 | 797 (89.8) | 35.54 (19.0–66.5) | 0.002 | 12.12 (5.3–27.6) | < 0.001 | |
Coast endemic | 270 | 166 (61.5) | 3.26 (1.5–6.9) | < 0.001 | 2.03 (0.9–4.7) | 0.096 | |
Highland epidemic | 576 | 421 (73.1) | 7.08 (3.9–12.8) | 0.009 | 5.06 (2.7–9.5) | < 0.001 | |
Semi-arid seasonal | 619 | 316 (51.1) | 2.06 (1.2–3.5) | 2.07 (1.2–3.6) | 0.011 | ||
Health facility level | Facility ownership | ||||||
Government | 2453 | 1607 (65.5) | Ref | Ref | |||
FBO/NGOa | 299 | 234 (78.3) | 4.99 (2.5–10.1) | < 0.001 | 5.80 (3.2–10.6) | < 0.001 | |
Health worker level | HWb perception of endemicity | ||||||
Low | 1302 | 630 (48.4) | Ref | Ref | |||
High | 1446 | 1209 (83.6) | 9.00 (6.0–13.6) | < 0.001 | 3.07 (1.8–5.3) | < 0.001 | |
MCMc supervision with feedback in the previous 3 months | |||||||
No | 1842 | 1109 (60.2) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 910 | 732 (80.4) | 3.20 (2.0–5.1) | < 0.001 | 1.84 (1.2–2.8) | 0.007 | |
Access to MCM/IMCId guidelines | |||||||
No | 354 | 231 (65.3) | Ref | ||||
Yes | 2397 | 1610 (67.2) | 1.78 (1.0–3.3) | 0.069 | 1.95 (1.1–3.4) | 0.017 | |
Patient-level | Patient age | ||||||
0–11 months | 270 | 133 (49.6) | Ref | Ref | |||
12–59 months | 845 | 537 (63.6) | 2.22 (1.5–3.3) | < 0.001 | 2.02 (1.3–3.1) | 0.001 | |
5–14 years | 742 | 558 (75.2) | 3.19 (2.1–4.8) | < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.0–2.5) | 0.058 | |
≥ 15 years | 895 | 613 (68.5) | 2.54 (1.7–3.8) | < 0.001 | 1.54 (1.0–2.5) | 0.068 | |
Temperature | |||||||
< 37.5 °C | 1897 | 1208 (63.7) | Ref | Ref | |||
≥ 37.5 °C | 841 | 624 (74.2) | 2.09 (1.6–2.7) | < 0.001 | 2.03 (1.5- 2.7) | < 0.001 | |
Fever complaint | |||||||
No | 353 | 236 (66.9) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 2399 | 1605 (66.9) | 1.26 (0.9–1.8) | 0.190 | 2.28 (1.5–3.4) | < 0.003 | |
Diarrhoea complaint | |||||||
No | 2457 | 1650 (67.2) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 295 | 191 (64.8) | 1.30 (0.9–1.9) | 0.163 | 1.52 (1.0–2.3) | 0.041 | |
Headache complaint | |||||||
No | 1617 | 947 (58.6) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 1135 | 894 (78.8) | 2.78 (2.2–3.6) | < 0.001 | 2.70 (2.0–3.6) | < 0.001 | |
Vomiting complaint | |||||||
No | 2263 | 1461 (64.6) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 489 | 380 (77.7) | 2.21 (1.6–3.1) | < 0.001 | 2.01 (1.4–2.9) | < 0.001 | |
Chills complaint | |||||||
No | 2533 | 1645 (64.9) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 219 | 196 (89.5) | 3.51 (2.0–6.2) | < 0.001 | 3.29 (1.8–6.0) | < 0.001 | |
Cough complaint | |||||||
No | 1521 | 1107 (72.8) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 1231 | 734 (59.6) | 0.46 (0.4–0.6) | < 0.001 | 0.65 (0.5–0.9) | 0.001 | |
Running nose complaint | |||||||
No | 2415 | 1678 (69.5) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 337 | 163 (48.4) | 0.36 (0.3–0.5) | < 0.001 | 0.59 (0.4–0.9) | 0.005 | |
Rash complaint | |||||||
No | 2687 | 1813 (67.5) | Ref | Ref | |||
Yes | 65 | 28 (43.1) | 0.28 (0.1–0.6) | 0.001 | 0.32 (0.2–0.7) | 0.003 |