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Table 2 Factors associated with compliance with malaria testing of febrile patients, 2014–2016

From: Factors influencing health workers’ compliance with outpatient malaria ‘test and treat’ guidelines during the plateauing performance phase in Kenya, 2014–2016

 

Factor

N

Proportion tested

n (%)

Unadjusted OR

(95% CI)

P-value

Adjusted OR

(95% CI)

P-value

Malaria endemicity

Epidemiological zone

      

Low risk

399

141 (35.3)

Ref

 < 0.001

Ref

 

Lake endemic

888

797 (89.8)

35.54 (19.0–66.5)

0.002

12.12 (5.3–27.6)

 < 0.001

Coast endemic

270

166 (61.5)

3.26 (1.5–6.9)

 < 0.001

2.03 (0.9–4.7)

0.096

Highland epidemic

576

421 (73.1)

7.08 (3.9–12.8)

0.009

5.06 (2.7–9.5)

 < 0.001

Semi-arid seasonal

619

316 (51.1)

2.06 (1.2–3.5)

 

2.07 (1.2–3.6)

0.011

Health facility level

Facility ownership

      

Government

2453

1607 (65.5)

Ref

 

Ref

 

FBO/NGOa

299

234 (78.3)

4.99 (2.5–10.1)

 < 0.001

5.80 (3.2–10.6)

 < 0.001

Health worker level

HWb perception of endemicity

      

Low

1302

630 (48.4)

Ref

 

Ref

 

High

1446

1209 (83.6)

9.00 (6.0–13.6)

 < 0.001

3.07 (1.8–5.3)

 < 0.001

MCMc supervision with feedback in the previous 3 months

      

No

1842

1109 (60.2)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

910

732 (80.4)

3.20 (2.0–5.1)

 < 0.001

1.84 (1.2–2.8)

0.007

Access to MCM/IMCId guidelines

      

No

354

231 (65.3)

Ref

   

Yes

2397

1610 (67.2)

1.78 (1.0–3.3)

0.069

1.95 (1.1–3.4)

0.017

Patient-level

Patient age

      

0–11 months

270

133 (49.6)

Ref

 

Ref

 

12–59 months

845

537 (63.6)

2.22 (1.5–3.3)

 < 0.001

2.02 (1.3–3.1)

0.001

5–14 years

742

558 (75.2)

3.19 (2.1–4.8)

 < 0.001

1.56 (1.0–2.5)

0.058

 ≥ 15 years

895

613 (68.5)

2.54 (1.7–3.8)

 < 0.001

1.54 (1.0–2.5)

0.068

Temperature

      

 < 37.5 °C

1897

1208 (63.7)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 ≥ 37.5 °C

841

624 (74.2)

2.09 (1.6–2.7)

 < 0.001

2.03 (1.5- 2.7)

 < 0.001

Fever complaint

      

No

353

236 (66.9)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

2399

1605 (66.9)

1.26 (0.9–1.8)

0.190

2.28 (1.5–3.4)

 < 0.003

 

Diarrhoea complaint

      

No

2457

1650 (67.2)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

295

191 (64.8)

1.30 (0.9–1.9)

0.163

1.52 (1.0–2.3)

0.041

Headache complaint

      

No

1617

947 (58.6)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1135

894 (78.8)

2.78 (2.2–3.6)

 < 0.001

2.70 (2.0–3.6)

 < 0.001

 

Vomiting complaint

      

No

2263

1461 (64.6)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

489

380 (77.7)

2.21 (1.6–3.1)

 < 0.001

2.01 (1.4–2.9)

 < 0.001

Chills complaint

      

No

2533

1645 (64.9)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

219

196 (89.5)

3.51 (2.0–6.2)

 < 0.001

3.29 (1.8–6.0)

 < 0.001

Cough complaint

      

No

1521

1107 (72.8)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

1231

734 (59.6)

0.46 (0.4–0.6)

 < 0.001

0.65 (0.5–0.9)

0.001

Running nose complaint

      

No

2415

1678 (69.5)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

337

163 (48.4)

0.36 (0.3–0.5)

 < 0.001

0.59 (0.4–0.9)

0.005

Rash complaint

      

No

2687

1813 (67.5)

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

65

28 (43.1)

0.28 (0.1–0.6)

0.001

0.32 (0.2–0.7)

0.003

  1. aFBO/NGO- Faith-Based/Non-Governmental Organization
  2. bHW-health worker
  3. cMCM-malaria case-management
  4. dIMCI-Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses