| Model 5 | Model 6 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | 95% CI |  |  | 95% CI |  | ||
 | OR | Lower | Upper | p-value | OR | Lower | Upper | p-value |
Maternal age (years) | 0.72 | 0.52 | 0.98 | 0.037 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 1.11 | 0.520 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 1.03 | 0.82 | 1.30 | 0.773 | 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.19 | 0.385 |
Gravidity (ref. Multigravid) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primigravid | 0.61 | 0.18 | 2.05 | 0.422 | 0.90 | 0.49 | 1.65 | 0.733 |
Residence during pregnancy (ref. Village) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Bamako | 0.40 | 0.08 | 2.06 | 0.273 | 1.31 | 0.64 | 2.72 | 0.460 |
 Wealth z-score | 0.73 | 0.42 | 1.27 | 0.267 | 1.40 | 1.02 | 1.92 | 0.036 |
Education (ref. Never attended) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primary | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.83 | 0.027 | 1.42 | 0.69 | 2.91 | 0.339 |
 Secondary | 0.58 | 0.17 | 1.97 | 0.385 | 1.42 | 0.66 | 3.06 | 0.369 |
 Beyond secondary | 2.45 | 0.64 | 9.46 | 0.193 | 1.25 | 0.49 | 3.19 | 0.640 |
Season of birth (ref. Hot Dry, Mar–May) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Rainy, Jun–Oct | 2.45 | 0.45 | 13.36 | 0.300 | 0.93 | 0.46 | 1.90 | 0.839 |
 Cool Dry, Nov–Feb | 5.28 | 1.00 | 28.02 | 0.051 | 0.72 | 0.35 | 1.47 | 0.364 |
Year of birth (ref. 2018) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 2014 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 1.26 | 0.082 | 0.80 | 0.30 | 2.13 | 0.652 |
 2015 | 0.31 | 0.06 | 1.73 | 0.184 | 0.72 | 0.27 | 1.89 | 0.502 |
 2016 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.84 | 0.028 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 1.63 | 0.413 |
 2017 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 1.09 | 0.064 | 0.73 | 0.32 | 1.68 | 0.464 |
 2019 | 1.22 | 0.28 | 5.23 | 0.794 | 1.87 | 0.69 | 5.09 | 0.221 |