Fig. 2
From: Evolutionary history of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium simium in the Americas
Alternative scenarios for the origin and routes of invasion of America by P. simium. A The monkey P. simium clade derived from the human American P. vivax clade. Once local American monkeys started to be infected, P. simium expanded and spread through local monkey populations. B The monkey P. simium clade derived from two independent human American P. vivax populations that arrived in America