Fig. 2
Phenotypic analysis of pfexo transgenic lines and clinical isolates. (A-B) In vitro RSA0-3h and PSA0-3h survival rates, respectively, for standard laboratory-adapted clones (W2 for an ART-sensitive control, IPC-4884 and IPC-5202 for ART-resistance control), B5 (parental line, B5-rexo-E415G-B8 (modified pfexo transgenic line) and culture-adapted clinical isolates (ASAP-21 and ASAP-168). The dashed line represents the 1% survival rate cut-off that differentiates ART-resistance (≥ 1%) from ART-sensitive (< 1%) parasites in RSAs or the 10% survival rate cut-off that distinguishes PPQ-resistance (≥ 10%) from PPQ-sensitive (< 10%) parasites in PSAs. Two independent biological replicates were performed. Zero values of % survival rate were plotted as 0.001 % in logarithmic scale. (C-F) PPQ-bimodal dose-response curves of B5, B8, ASAP-21, and ASAP-168, respectively. Increasing the starting concentration and number of data points (24 points) for HRP2 ELISA dose-response curve provided a bimodal distribution of parasite response to PPQ exposure for PPQ-resistant parasites. ASAP-21 and ASAP-168 shows a second peak in PPQ concentration 0.01- 100 µM. The concentration range used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) is indicated. Data are shown as mean values from three biological replicates with S.D