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Table 2 Quarterly rate ratios (RR), rate differences (ΔR) and p − values comparing the rates of 2020 with the combined rates of the years 2015 to 2019 for outpatients and malaria patients in health facilities of northern Ghana

From: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria cases in health facilities in northern Ghana: a retrospective analysis of routine surveillance data

 

RR

ΔR

p − value

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

Outpatient department visits

All visits

0.93

− 269.0

0.202

0.80

− 745.3

< 0.001

0.73

− 1448.2

< 0.001

1.03

125.4

0.283

All malaria

1.04

43.0

0.679

0.91

− 110.8

0.300

0.74

− 654.3

0.002

1.27

570.8

< 0.001

Malaria children < 5 years

0.96

− 60.6

0.697

0.81

− 310.9

0.021

0.57

− 1614.5

< 0.001

1.19

589.5

0.005

Malaria pregnant women

0.87

− 14.2

0.269

0.96

− 4.4

0.709

1.14

27.6

0.127

1.48

80.7

< 0.001

Inpatient department vistits

All malaria

0.79

− 36.8

0.139

0.54

− 65.1

0.008

0.57

− 139.7

< 0.001

0.94

−16.5

0.526

Malaria children < 5 years

0.74

− 186.7

0.035

0.46

− 300.7

0.020

0.43

− 764.5

< 0.001

0.82

− 224.5

0.067