Fig. 1

Location of Oromia zone (in blue inside Ethiopia). The site was the Debre Zeit are near of Addis Abada, with meteorological stations ranging from 1600 to 2500 m above sea level. Annual data for Plasmodiums annual cases (P. vivax in red, vertical dash line separates two chronological periods claimed in the study 2020), HIV new cases, Per capita GDP, Human density, annual Minimum temperature and death related to civil conflicts as a proxy of social instability. Map was taken from (Sarah Vaughan, Archived August 13, 2011), at the Wayback Machine (University of Edinburgh: Ph.D. Thesis, 2003), p. 240 n. 259)