Duffy blood system and G6PD genetic variants in vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Ferreira, Natália S.; Mathias, Jéssica Lorena S.; Albuquerque, Sérgio Roberto L.; Almeida, Anne Cristine G.; Dantas, Ana C.; Anselmo, Fernanda C.; Lima, Emerson S.; Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius G.; Nogueira, Paulo A.; Ramasawmy, Rajendranath; Gonçalves, Marilda S.; Moura Neto, José P.

doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04165-y

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Hematological and biochemical parameters for uncomplicated and severe P. vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Amazonas state

From: Duffy blood system and G6PD genetic variants in vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

	FEMALE			MALE
	Severe (n = 60)	Uncomplicated (n = 47)	p-value	Severe (n = 68)	Uncomplicated (n = 50)	p-value
Age, median	37.07 ± 12.45	35.36 ± 13.76	NS	39.43 ± 13.45	25.01 ± 19.39	NS
Temperature, median	37.25 ± 0.79	37.13 ± 0.89	NS	36.95 ± .74	36.62 ± 0,91	NS
Weight (Kg)	56.47 ± 17.91	62.45 ± 16.09	NS	51.89 ± 24.07	58.30 ± 15.90	NS
Numbers of days in hospital	3.34 ± 3.19	3.09 ± 1.78	NS	5.25 ± 6.97	3.01 ± 2.24	NS
Asexual Parasite Density	16,482.6 ± 21,702.3	7,570.21 ± 8,381.54	.018	16,274.01 ± 23,747.9	5,063.79 ± 9,019.13	.031
Parasitaemia	344.04 ± 194.48	294.93 ± 201.68	NS	259.98 ± 190.92	247.16 ± 204.44	NS
Platelet Count × 10⁹/L	59.94 ± 46.06	87.36 ± 77.78	NS	120.08 ± 107.65	124.51 ± 103.95	NS
WBC × 10³ uL	5,187.5 ± 1,971.7	5,975.5 ± 2,451.6	NS	8,026.5 ± 4,626.9	5,830.7 ± 2,354.1	.011
RBC × 10⁶ uL	3.53 ± 0.89	3.98 ± 0.71	.011	3.37 ± 1.18	4.33 ± 0.78	< .001
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	10.08 ± 2.74	11.01 ± 2.15	NS	9.66 ± 3.01	12.19 ± 2.32	< .001
Haematocrit (%)	30.76 ± 7.8	33.95 ± 6.67	.046	29.06 ± 9.11	37.84 ± 7.32	< .001
MCV (fL)	87.43 ± 5.77	85.08 ± 6.35	NS	87.48 ± 9.78	87.29 ± 6.37	NS
MCH (pg)	28.84 ± 2.94	27.56 ± 2.13	.023	29.16 ± 3.59	28.16 ± 2.27	NS
MCHC (g/dL)	32.94 ± 1.76	32.43 ± 1.49	NS	33.32 ± 1.63	32.28 ± 1.68	.002
Reticulocytes (%)	2.04 ± 2.21	1.64 ± 1.51	NS	4.46 ± 4.69	3.22 ± 3.88	NS
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)	4.71 ± 2.71	0.53 ± 0.56	< .001	3.11 ± 4.46	0.86 ± 2.19	.024
Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.85 ± 4.39	.081 ± 0.61	.008	4.65 ± 6.88	1.14 ± 2.15	.018
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	6.32 ± 4.41	1.34 ± 0.78	< .001	7.98 ± 10.05	1.12 ± 0.68	< .001
Urea (mg/dL)	33.06 ± 14.20	30.63 ± 16.84	NS	61.45 ± 35.63	36.86 ± 13.75	< .001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.81 ± 0.34	0.88 ± 0.38	NS	1.40 ± 0.94	1.02 ± 0.34	.022
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)	855.86 ± 339.73	548.95 ± 173.95	< .001	921.06 ± 524.01	650.07 ± 235.41	NS
Alkaline Phosphatase (IU/L)	260.41 ± 169.77	251.24 ± 148.09	NS	232.53 ± 132.78	127.85 ± 114.66	< .001
Ca ⁺⁺ (mM)	8.64 ± 0.80	8.85 ± 0.99	NS	8.73 ± 1.21	9.33 ± 0.89	NS
K ⁺ (mM)	3.66 ± 0.49	3.92 ± 0.41	NS	3.99 ± 0.59	3.97 ± 0.45	NS
Glucose mg/dL	88.82 ± 32.71	97.58 ± 28.06	NS	99.20 ± 35.03	101.44 ± 33.65	NS

It shows few significant values in haematological, biochemical and physical parameters between genders when diagnosed with uncomplicated and severe vivax malaria. However, hematological values were the lowest in male patients when they have severe malaria
Results are based on ANOVA and Bonferroni corrected post-hoc t-test. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD
N Cases, WBC White Blood Cells, RBC Red Blood Cells, MCV Mean corpuscular volume, MCH Mean corpuscular haemoglobin, MCHC Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, NS: no statistically significant association (P > 0.05). Statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) are emphasized in bold type

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