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Table 30 Key to the Haemoproteus species of Passeriformes birds (suborder Passeri) of the families Alaudidae, Cisticolidae, Melanocharitidae, Paridae

From: Keys to the avian Haemoproteus parasites (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae)

Step

Features and species

1 (8)

Roundish fully grown gametocytes (Fig. 31e, f) are absent

2 (9)

The nuclei of macrogametocytes usually are in subterminal position and do not locate close to the erythrocyte nuclei (Fig. 31a, b, d, i)

3 (10)

Fully grown gametocytes, which are closely appressed to the nuclei of erythrocytes but do not touch the envelope of the erythrocytes along their entire margin (Fig. 31h, i), are absent

4 (5)

The average number of pigment granules in fully grown gametocytes is greater than 15 (Fig. 31a)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

H. wenyoni (Fig. 31a) [3, 139]

5 (4)

The average number of pigment granules in fully grown gametocytes is less than 15 (Fig. 31b)

6 (7)

Dumbbell-shaped gametocytes are present among growing advanced macrogametocytes (Fig. 31c), and such forms are common

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

H. majorisa (Fig. 31b, c) [3, 28, 43, 91, 152, 153]

7 (6)

Dumbbell-shape gametocytes (Fig. 31c) are absent

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

H. alaudae (Fig. 31d) [3, 141]

8 (1)

Fully grown gametocytes are roundish; they markedly deform infected erythrocytes, markedly displace their nuclei, and can even enucleate the host cells (Fig. 31e, f)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

H. parusb (Fig. 31e, f) [3, 154]

9 (2)

The nuclei of macrogametocytes are median or submedian in positions; they usually adhere to the erythrocyte nuclei (Fig. 31g)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

H. calandrellae (Fig. 31g) [3, 155]

10 (3)

Fully grown gametocytes are closely appressed to the nuclei of erythrocytes but

do not touch the envelope of the erythrocytes along their entire margin (Fig. 31h, i)

 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

H. nucleophilus (Fig. 31h, i) [3, 156]

  1. aGametocytes of H. majoris were occasionally seen in birds of the Sylviidae, Phylloscopidae, Fringillidae, Muscicapidae and Turdidae in Eurasia [28, 43, 91]. This opportunity should be considered during identification of haemoproteids found in birds of these families. See Table 30 for identification of H. majoris
  2. bIntensity of parasitemia was low in the hapantotype of H. parus. Gametocytes of this parasite are similar to gametocytes Plasmodium (Haemamoeba) spp. [3, 154]. However, the erythrocytic meronts were not observed in the type material, and molecular characterization of this parasite is not available. It is possible that H. parus belongs to Plasmodium genus. Further studies of this infection, preferably in samples from the type host and type locality, are needed to unravel this taxonomic uncertainty