Identification of factors associated with residual malaria transmission using school-based serological surveys in settings pursuing elimination

Table 2 P. falciparum infection and exposure (PfAMA1 Ab response) model mixed-effects regression models at fokontany-level

Factors associated	P. falciparum infection model				P. falciparum exposure (PfAMA1 Ab response) model
	Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable
	OR	95%CI	OR^e	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR^e	95%CI
Health Facilities > 5 km	1.8	1.1–3.1			2.1	1.8–2.6	1.6	1.2–2.2***
School RDT prevalence^c					4.4	3.5–5.6	1.9	1.2–3.1**
NDVI at lag-1^a	0.7	0.6–1.0			0.8	0.7–0.9	1.0	0.8–1.3
LST Day at lag-1^b	5.4	3.0–9.7	8.9	2.9–28.0***	4.5	3.7–5.5
Grasslands or cereals^c	1.2	1.1–1.4			1.1	1.1–1.2	0.9	0.9–1.0
Forests^c	0.7	0.3–1.5			0.8	0.7–1.0
Woodlands^c	0.8	0.7–1.0	1.2	0.9–1.5	0.9	0.8–0.9
Wet, croplands or mosaics^c	0.8	0.5–1.3			0.9	0.8–1.0
Elevation^d	0.7	0.6–0.8			0.7	0.6–0.7	0.7	0.6–0.8***

Wald-test approximation was used for CIs (confidence interval) and p-values
NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index at the previous month; LST daytime Land Surface Temperature and emissivity composites at the previous month; OR odds ratio
^aNDVI was scaled 1/10, as one unit increase means 0.1 increase
^bLST Day was scaled in 5 °C unit, as one unit increase means 5° C increase
^cVariables scaled in 10% unit, as one unit increase means 10% increase
^dElevation scaled in 100 m, as one unit increase means 100 m increase
^eAdjusted odds ratio
***p-value < 0.001; **p-value < 0.01; *p-value < 0.05

ISSN: 1475-2875