Table 3 Anti-malarial activity of compounds reported from Ethiopian medicinal plants
Plant Species | Reported Compound (s) | Plant Part (s) used | IC50 or ED50 or Parasite suppression rate | Antiplasmodial/Anti-malarial activity | Strain of Plasmodium tested | Safe dose to non-infected mice (mg/kg body weight) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Embelia schimperi | Embelin (1) | Fruit | 54.8% at 400Â mg/kg/day | Moderate | Pb | 2000 | [96] |
Aloe percrassa | Microdontin A/B (2) | Leave latex | 61.4% at 400Â mg/kg/day | Good | Pb | NE | [68] |
| Â | Aloin A/B (3) | Leave latex | 66.8% at 400Â mg/kg/day | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Kniphofia foliosa | Chryslandicin (4) | Rhizome | 2.1 and 1.5 μg/ml | Very good | Pb D6 and W2 respectively | NE | [97] |
|  | 10-Hydroxy-10 (chrysophanol-7’-yl)chrysophanol anthrone (5) |  | 1.7 and 0.7 μg/ml |  |  |  |  |
|  | 10-Methoxy-10-(chrysophanol-7’-yl)chrysophanol anthrone (6) |  | 4.1 and 1.2 μg/ml |  |  |  |  |
|  | Knipholone anthrone (7) |  | 4.1 and 3.6 μg/ml |  |  |  |  |
|  | 10-Acetonylknipholone cyclooxanthrone (8) |  | 4.4 and 3.1 μg/ml |  |  |  |  |
| Â | Knipholone (9) | Â | 55.14 and 60.2% at 100 and 200Â m/kg/day | Good | Pb | 2000 | [74] |
| Â | Dianellin (10) | Â | 53.77 at 100Â mg/kg/day | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | 2-acetyl-1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene (11) | Root | 15.4 μg/ml | Moderate | Pb 3D7 | NE | [98] |
|  | 10-(chrysophanol-7′-yl)-10-(ξ)- hydroxychrysophanol-9-anthrone (12) |  | 0.260 μg/ml | Very good |  |  |  |
Aloe otallensis | 2,8-O,O-di(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-methylnaphthalene (13) | Leave latex | 47.29% at 100 mg/kg/day | Moderate | Pb | NE | [72] |
Otostegia integrifolia | Otostegindiol (14) | leave | 50.13, 65.58 & 73.16% at 25, 50 & 100Â mg/kg/day | Very good | Pb ANKA | NE | [94] |
Aloe debrana | (E)-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-8-(6'-O-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-5-Methylchromone (HCGMM) (15) | Leave latex | 63.13% at 100 mg/kg/day | Very good | Pb | 500 | [52] |
| Â | Aloin (16) | Â | 78.31% at 100Â mg/kg/day | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Aloe macrocarpa | Aloinoside (17) | Leave latex | 79.1, 90.9 & 100% at 100, 200 & 400Â mg/kg/day | Very good | Pb ANKA | 2000 | [73] |
Aloe pulcherrima | Aloesaponarin I (18) | Root | 7.8 μg/ml | Good | Pb D6 | NE | [99] |
|  | Aloesaponarin I (19) |  | 5.0 μg/ml |  |  |  |  |
Dodonaea angustifolia | Pinocembrin (20) | Leave | 77.03% and 81.00% at 20 and 40Â mg/kg/day | Very good | Pb | NE | [60] |
| Â | Santin (21) | Leave | 80.95% and 85.50% at 50 and | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 100Â mg/kg | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | (2-hydroxy-15,16-epoxyceloda-3,13,14-trien-18-oic acid) (22) | Leave | 60.35% and | Â | Â | Â | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | 70.81% at 20 and 40Â mg/kg | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Aloe pulcherrima | 7-hydroxyaloin (23) | Leave latex | 56.2% at 200Â mg/kg/day | Good | Pb | 2000 | [100] |