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Table 3 Farmers’ knowledge, views, and perceived effects of agricultural pesticides in malaria mosquitoes

From: Participatory approaches for raising awareness among subsistence farmers in Tanzania about the spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the possible link to improper agricultural pesticide use

Variable assessed

Participant responses

N (%)

Opinions about the effect of agricultural chemicals on malaria mosquitoes

Kill malaria mosquito

80 (18.4)

 

Chase away malaria mosquitoes

18 (4.1)

 

Do not have any effect in malaria mosquitoes

42 (9.7)

 

Influence the increase of mosquito population density

10 (2.3)

 

Influence insecticide resistance in malaria mosquitoes

1 (0.2)

 

I don’t know

283(65.2)

Awareness of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors

Aware

109(25.5)

 

Not aware

318 (74.5)

Opinion on what insecticide resistance in malaria vectors means

Increase in mosquito population density

57 (52.3)

 

Mosquitoes cannot be killed or repelled by the insecticides

9 (8.3)

 

Mosquitoes cause more malaria in the village settings

15 (13.8)

 

Mosquitoes are no longer responsive to the insecticidal interventions

11 (10.1)

 

I don’t know

10 (9.2)

 

Others

7 (6.4)

Opinions on methods to prevent/delay insecticide resistance in malaria vectors

Minimize the use of agricultural chemicals

1 (0.9)

 

Minimize the use of public health pesticides against mosquitoes

1 (0.9)

 

Establish integrated pest and vector management (IPVM)

2 (1.82)

 

Alternative use of biological and environmental methods for controlling pests and mosquitoes

17 (15.6)

 

Others

56 (51.4)

 

I don’t know

32 (29.4)

  1. Most questions had options for multiple responses