Table 2 Individual, community and region-level predictors of IPTp-SP utilization
Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR [95% Crl] | aOR [95% Crl] | aOR [95% Crl] | aOR [95% Crl] | |||
Fixed effects | ||||||
Individual level | ||||||
Age | ||||||
15–19 | 0.22** [0.11–0.81] | 0.42**[0.33–0.98] | ||||
20–24 | 0.43*[0.24–0.98] | 0.38*[0.25–0.79] | ||||
25–29 | 0.99[0.62–1.62] | 0.81[0.53–1.22] | ||||
30–34 | 1.01[0.62–1.64] | 0.81[0.53–1.24] | ||||
35–39 | 0.94[0.56–1.55] | 0.76[0.48–1.18] | ||||
40–44 | 0.99[0.58–1.71] | 0.81[0.50–1.30] | ||||
45–49 | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Education | ||||||
No education | 0.33**[0.17–0.77] | 0.51**[0.35–0.81] | ||||
Primary | 0.53*[0.44–0.82] | 0.62*[0.51–0.91] | ||||
Secondary | 1.09[0.74–1.60] | 1.06[0.75–1.50] | ||||
Higher | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Wealth quintile | ||||||
Poor | 0.81*[0.79–0.94] | 0.80**[0.78–0.91] | ||||
Middle | 0.89[0.75–1.06] | 0.88[0.74–1.05] | ||||
Rich | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Mosquito bite causes malaria | ||||||
No | 0.85*[0.74–0.97] | 0.84*[0.73–0.96] | ||||
Yes | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Sleeping under ITN prevents malaria | ||||||
No | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Yes | 1.23**[1.06–1.43] | 1.22*[1.04–1.43] | ||||
Destroying mosquito breeding site prevents malaria | ||||||
No | 1.16[0.97–1.39] | 1.165[0.96–1.41] | ||||
Yes | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Community level factors | ||||||
Residential status | ||||||
Urban | 0.69***[0.31–0.88] | 0.60***[0.46–0.82] | ||||
Rural | 0.78*[0.68–0.96] | 0.80[0.61–1.05] | ||||
Refugee settlement | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Zone | ||||||
Southern | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Eastern | 1.05[0.74–1.49] | 1.07[0.71–1.61] | ||||
Northern | 1.08[0.73–1.61] | 1.12[0.68–1.83] | ||||
Western | 1.19[0.84–1.68] | 1.22[0.81–1.84] | ||||
Socio-economic disadvantage | ||||||
Tertile 1(least disadvantaged) | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Tertile 2 | 0.87[0.72–1.05] | 0.91[0.73–1.12] | ||||
Tertile 3(most disadvantaged) | 0.71*[0.65–0.92] | 0.67**[0.50–0.86] | ||||
Region level factor | ||||||
Socio-economic disadvantage | ||||||
Tertile 1(least disadvantaged) | 1[1] | 1[1] | ||||
Tertile 2 | 0.71**[0.51–0.89] | 0.68***[0.54–0.82] | ||||
Tertile 3(most disadvantaged) | 0.55**[0.39–0.78] | 0.59***[0.48–0.78] | ||||
Random effects | ||||||
Region level | ||||||
Variance (SE) | 1.13[1.06–1.20] | 1.14[1.04–1.21] | 1.12[1.05–1.20] | 1.15[1.07–1.21] | 1.14[1.06–1.20] | |
ICC (%) | 18.00[15.01–22.90] | 17.72[15.20-19.08] | 16.33[15.21-9.00] | 17.10[16.91–18.70] | 18.22[17.90-19.02] | |
MOR | 2.76[2.03–3.42] | 2.77[2.65–2.86] | 2.74[2.66–2.84] | 2.78[2.68–2.86] | 2.89[2.33–3.51] | |
Explained variation | [1] | 35.72[29.06–41.20] | 31.03[27.61–37.31] | 33.20[27.31–37.28] | 30.82[26.97–37.91] | |
Community level | ||||||
Variance (SE) | 1.86[1.12–2.18] | 2.00[1.71–2.31] | 1.98[1.14–2.20] | 1.59[1.22–1.98] | 1.99[1.42–2.36] | |
ICC (%) | 47.60[39.8–50.7] | 49.80[37.98–53.70] | 48.50[36.90-59.08] | 48.40[37.00-51.20] | 49.22[38.99–52.51] | |
MOR | 3.67[2.74–4.09] | 3.85[3.48–4.26] | 3.83[2.77–4.12] | 3.33[2.87–3.83] | 3.84[3.12–4.33] | |
Explained variation | [1] | 52.00[46.30–59.80] | 48.99[41.40-55.81] | 47.89[38.21–52.55] | 48.70[43.00–52.00] | |
Model fit statistics | ||||||
Bayesian DIC | 5839 | 6002 | 5998 | 6010 | 6012 | |
N | ||||||
Region level | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
Community level | 340 | 340 | 340 | 340 | 340 | |
Individual | 4254 | 4254 | 4254 | 4254 | 4254 | |