| Â | STOPPAM reference | Intergrowth-21 reference |
|---|
Timing of infectiona | N | SGASTOPPAM n (%) | uOR | 95% CI | P | aORb | 95% CI | P | SGAIG21 n (%) | uOR | 95% CI | P | aORc | 95% CI | P |
|---|
Never infected | 3,371 | 420 (12.5) | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 579 (16.9) | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – |
1st/2nd trimester | 1,214 | 205 (16.9) | 1.60 | 1.31–1.96 |  < 0.001 | 1.35 | 1.09–1.66 | 0.006 | 250(20.6) | 1.52 | 1.27–1.83 |  < 0.001 | 1.30 | 1.07–1.58 | 0.009 |
1st/2nd/3rd trimesters | 258 | 52 (20.2) | 2.37 | 1.65–3.41 |  < 0.001 | 1.73 | 1.19–2.52 | 0.004 | 56 (21.8) | 2.18 | 1.54–3.10 |  < 0.001 | 1.68 | 1.16–2.43 | 0.006 |
3rd trimester only | 646 | 102 (15.8) | 1.47 | 1.14–1.91 | 0.003 | 1.28 | 0.98–1.67 | 0.07 | 108(16.7) | 1.19 | 0.93–1.52 | 0.17 | 1.07 | 0.83–1.38 | 0.62 |
- The pooled uOR (n = 5,489) and aOR (n = 5,208) were obtained using mixed effect model in the one stage individual participant data meta-analysis excluding a study by Divala et al. because malaria infection was only documented at inclusion and delivery
- astratified malaria into 3 groups, whereas in Fig. 4 we pooled together 1st/2nd and 1st/2nd/3rd and excluded 3rd trimester only to allow for the forest plot, 1st trimester: ≤ 13 weeks, 2nd trimester: 14–27 weeks, 3rd trimester: ≥ 28 weeks, SGASTOPPAM: Small for gestational age (SGA) using STOPPAM reference, SGAIG21: SGA using Intergrowth-21 reference, uOR unadjusted odds ratio, aOR: Adjusted odds ratio
- badjusted for body mass index, gravidity, gestational age at enrolment, HIV, and haemoglobin at enrolment
- cadjusted for gestational age at delivery in addition to the confounders for aORb, CI Confidence interval, malaria was defined as positive slide or malaria rapid test or polymerase chain reaction
