Table 2 Description of the study sample, DHS 2012 and 2018

Age (years)

 [16–18]

62

(9.05)

165

(7.98)

 [18–30]

398

(58.10)

1225

(59.24)

 [30–40]

192

(28.03)

576

(27.85)

 [40–49]

33

(4.82)

102

(4.93)

Residence

 Rural

449

(65.55)

1444

(69.83)

 Urban

236

(34.45)

624

(30.17)

Education

 No formal education

487

(71.09)

1468

(70.99)

 Primary

92

(13.43)

262

(12.67)

 Secondary

90

(13.14)

267

(12.91)

 University

16

(2.34)

71

(3.43)

Household size

 [2–5]

184

(26.86)

642

(31.04)

 [5–10]

339

(49.49)

1057

(51.11)

 [10–38]

162

(23.65)

369

(17.84)

Journal

 access

54

(7.88)

150

(7.25)

 No access

631

(92.12)

1918

(92.75)

Radio

 Access

472

(68.91)

1312

(63.44)

 No access

213

(31.09)

756

(36.56)

Television

 Access

309

(45.11)

871

(42.12)

 No access

376

(54.89)

1197

(57.88)

Wealth quintile

 Poor

255

(37.23)

898

(43.42)

 Middle

137

(20.00)

402

(19.44)

 Richer

293

(42.77)

768

(37.14)

Marital status

 Married

631

(92.12)

1891

(91.44)

 Single

54

(7.88)

177

(8.56)

Working currently

 Yes

530

(77.37)

1407

(68.04)

 No

155

(22,63)

661

(31,96)

Relationships with the head of household

 Direct link

568

(82.92)

1814

(87.72)

 Indirect link

117

(17.08)

254

(12.28)

Gender of head of household

 Female

75

(10.95)

243

(11.75)

 Male

610

(89.05)

1825

(88.25)

Age of head of household

 [16–25]

25

(3.65)

78

(3.77)

 [25–40]

240

(35.04)

872

(42.16)

 [40–60]

296

(43.21)

848

(41.01)

 [60–91]

124

(18.10)

270

(13.06)

Parity

 Multiparous

541

(78.98)

1687

(81.58)

 Primiparous

144

(21.02)

381

(18.42)

Partner's level of education

 No formal education

383

(55.91)

1447

(69.97)

 Primary

132

(19.27)

151

(7.30)

 Secondary

124

(18.10)

301

(14.56)

 University

46

(6.72)

169

(8.17)

Moment of the first ANC

 First quarter

330

(48.18)

662

(32.01)

 Second quarter

313

(45.69)

1208

(58.41)

 Third quarter

42

(6.13)

198

(9.58)

Antenatal care visits

  < 4

254

(37.08)

1211

(58.56)

  >  = 4

431

(62.92)

857

(41.44)

Desire for pregnancy

 Yes

532

(77.66)

1744

(84.33)

 No

153

(22.34)

324

(15.67)

Place of delivery

 Home

363

(52.99)

813

(39.31)

 Private structure

34

(4.96)

119

(5.76)

 Public structure

288

(42.04)

1136

(54.93)

Use of preventive measures

 Complete

268

(39.12)

432

(20.89)

 Incomplete

417

(60.88)

1636

(79.11)