Table 3 Dynamics of P. vivax molecular marker genes and putative mutations in Indonesia

2000

Legundi Island, South Lampung [36]

pvdhfr

S58R and S117N

5 (41.7%)

12

Central Java [36]

pvdhfr

S58R and S117N

11 (50.0%)

22

S58R/T61M/S117N

1 (4.5%)

22

F57L, S58R, T61M, and S117T

2 (12.5%)

16

15S/F57L/S117T/173F

1 (4.5%)

22

F57L/S111L/S117T/173F

1 (4.5%)

22

2001

Alor District, Nusa Tenggara [85, 117, 168]

pvmdr1

Y976F

2 (66.7%)

3

F1076L

2 (66.7%)

3

pvdhfr

S58R and S117N

2 (5.6%)

36

2003

Papua [72, 168]

pvcrt-o

AAG insertion

1 (2.2%)

46

pvmdr1

Y976F

123 (96.1%)

128

2004

Papua [72, 168]

pvcrt-o

AAG insertion

1 (2.2%)

46

pvmdr1

Y976F

123 (96.1%)

128

Mangole Island, Maluku [77]

pvmdr1

F1076L

1 (100%)

1

2005

Papua [72, 168]

pvcrt-o

AAG insertion

1 (2.2%)

46

pvmdr1

Y976F

123 (96.1%)

128

2006

Papua [72, 168]

pvcrt-o

AAG insertion

1 (2.2%)

46

pvmdr1

Y976F

123 (96.1%)

128

pvdhps

A383G

11 (33%)

34

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

4 (11.8%)

34

pvdhfr

Sumba [169]

S58R/T61M/S117N

1 (2.9%)

34

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

21 (61.8%)

34

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

2 (3.3%)

60

pvdhps

A383G

9%

Purworejo [169]

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

6 (60%)

10

S58R/61M/S117N

0 (0%)

10

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

1 (10%)

10

pvdhps

A383G

15%

Lampung [169]

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

26 (96.3%)

27

S58R/61M/S117N

3 (11.1%)

27

F57L, S58R, T61M, and S117T

0 (0%)

27

2007

Papua [169]

pvcrt-o

AAG insertion

1 (2.2%)

45

pvmdr1

Y976F

123 (96.1%)

128

pvdhps

A383G

33.0%

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

4 (11.8%)

34

58R/61M/S117N

1 (2.9%)

34

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

21 (61.8%)

34

Sumba [169]

pvdhfr

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

2 (3.3%)

60

pvdhps

A383G

9%

Purworejo [169]

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

6 (60.0%)

10

S58R/T61M/S117N

0 (0%)

10

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

1 (10.0%)

10

pvdhps

A383G

15%

Lampung [169]

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

26 (96.3%)

27

58R/T61M/S117N

3 (11.1%)

27

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

0 (0%)

27

2008

Papua [169]

pvcrt-o

AAG insertion

1 (2.2%)

45

pvmdr1

Y976F

123 (96.1%)

128

pvdhps

A383G

33.0%

pvdhfr

S58R and S117N

4 (11.8%)

34

S58R/T61M/S117N

1 (2.9%)

34

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

21 (61.8%)

34

Sumba [169]

pvdhfr

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

2 (3.3%)

60

pvdhps

A383G

9%

Purworejo [169]

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

6 (60.0%)

10

S58R/T61M/S117N

0 (0%)

10

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

1 (10.0%)

10

pvdhps

A383G

15%

Lampung [169]

pvdhfr

S58R/S117N

26 (96.3%)

27

S58R/T61M/S117N

3 (11.1%)

27

F57L/S58R/T61M/S117T

0 (0%)

27