Acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigens in pregnant women living in a low malaria transmission area of Brazil

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants according to malaria infection status

Characteristics	P. falciparum only (111)	P. falciparum and P. vivax (96)	Uninfected (201)	P-value
Maternal age at enrolment (years), median (IQR)	22 (17,28)	21 (18–27)	23 (19, 28)	0.22
Gravidity, n (%)
Primigravidae	43 (39)	38 (40)	83 (41)	0.89
Multigravidae	68 (61)	58 (60)	118 (59)
BMI at enrolment (kg/m²), median (IQR)	21 (20, 24)	22 (20, 25)	23 (20, 25)	0.04
Haemoglobin at delivery (g/dl), median (IQR)	11.5 (10.7, 12.1)	11.4 (10.5, 12.2)	11.8 (11, 12)	0.008
Gestational age at birth (weeks), median (IQR)	39 (38,40)	39 (38,40)	40 (39,41)	0.87
Birth weight (g), median (IQR)	3130 (2890, 3400)	3125 (2855, 3360)	3240 (2945, 3515)	0.05

Data are given as either number (n) (%) or median (Interquartile range (IQR)). P. falciparum represents individuals who had only P. falciparum infection (n = 111). P. falciparum and P. vivax represent women who had both infections with P. falciparum and P. vivax concurrently or at different time points during the current pregnancy (n = 96). Uninfected represents women with no P. falciparum or infection (n = 201). Pearson chi-squared tests were used to compare percentages, and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum tests were used to compare medians. P values that were less than 0.05 were indicated in bold.
BMI body mass index.

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