Acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigens in pregnant women living in a low malaria transmission area of Brazil

Table 2 Associations between Plasmodium infection status and being seropositive for antibodies to P. falciparum antigens

Antigen	Infected (%) (n = 207)	Uninfected (%) (n = 201)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
CS2VSA	14.0	4.0	4.1 (1.8, 9.1)	0.001
3D7VSA	7.3	6.5	1.2 (0.6, 2.6)	0.59
CS2 Phago	18.4	17.0	1.1 (0.7, 1.9)	0.69
3D7 Phago	14.0	13.0	1.1 (0.6, 1.9)	0.78
E8B Phago	60.9	42.8	2.1 (1.4, 3.1)	< 0.0001
DBL1-7G8	46.4	44.3	1.1 (0.74, 1.62)	0.65
DBL2-isolate	46.9	47.8	0.96 (.65, 1.42)	0.84
DBL2 (ID1-ID2)-FCR3	34.9	31.3	1.2 (.77, 1.77)	0.47
DBL3-FCR3	29.1	30.4	0.92 (0.60, 1.41)	0.71
DBL3-7G8	54.6	49.8	1.22 (0.83, 1.81)	0.30
DBL4-FCR3	34.8	32.8	1.08 (0.72, 1.64)	0.69
DBL4-isolate	61.8	56.7	1.24 (0.83, 1.84)	0.29
DBL5-isolate	42.5	39.8	1.1 (.74, 1.63)	0.65
DBL5-3D7	67.2	60.2	1.33 (0.89, 2.00)	0.17
DBL6-IT4	25.6	20.9	1.32 (0.83, 2.10)	0.24
Schizont	88.9	45.3	9.7 (5.8, 16.3)	< 0.0001
PfMSP1-19	91.8	44.3	12.9 (7.4, 22.4)	< 0.0001

Data presented as seropositivity percentage and odds ratio (95% confidence interval); Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of malaria infection on the antibody seropositivity in pregnant women with Plasmodium infection (P. falciparum only or both P. falciparum and P. vivax infections) and without Plasmodium infection. Analysis was adjusted for gravidity, body mass index at enrolment, and maternal age enrollment. AOR, Adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; Pf, P. falciparum; VSA, variant surface antigens; DBL, Duffy binding like; MSP, merozoite surface protein. P values that were less than 0.05 were indicated in bold

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