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Table 5 Regional distributions of drug-resistance molecular markers (individual Amino acid codon mutations) in P. falciparum isolates in Odisha, India (Period: 2018–2020)

From: Molecular surveillance of anti-malarial drug resistance genes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Odisha, India

Genes

Pfcrt K76T

Pfmdr1 N86Y

Pfdhfr

Pfdhps

Geographical regions

K76T

N86Y

A16V

C50R

N51I

C59R

S108N

I164L

S436F

S436A

A437G

K540E

A581G

A613S

A613T

Eastern ghat

2

1

16

62

35

66

59

6

26

34

17

22

31

20

23

Northern plateau

1

2

5

26

5

26

20

2

10

17

8

22

8

9

8

Central table land

2

1

0

3

0

3

8

0

5

2

3

4

3

2

1

Coastal belt

0

1

0

2

0

2

4

0

3

2

2

2

2

1

2

Total

5

5

21

93

40

97

91

8

44

55

30

50

44

32

34

χ2

8

4

8

12

8

12

12

8

12

8

12

8

12

12

12

Degree of freedom (df)

6

3

6

9

6

9

9

6

9

6

9

6

9

9

9

P-value

0.238

0.261

0.238

0.213

0.238

0.213

0.213

0.238

0.213

0.238

0.213

0.238

0.213

0.213

0.213