Dinuclear and mononuclear metal(II) polypyridyl complexes against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum and their mode of action

Table 3 The fold change in ROS induced by phen and (1)–(4) on Pf3D7. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is used as positive control

Compound	24 h				48 h				72 h
Compound	0.2 µM	1.0 µM	5.0 µM	25.0 µM	0.2 µM	1.0 µM	5.0 µM	25.0 µM	0.2 µM	1.0 µM	5.0 µM	25.0 µM
phen	− 2.41 ± 0.12	− 2.04 ± 0.29	− 2.15 ± 0.25	− 2.02 ± 0.15	3.10 ± 0.98	2.91 ± 0.05	4.47 ± 0.71	6.09 ± 0.91	− 0.26 ± 0.28	− 0.25 ± 0.31	− 0.55 ± 0.42	− 0.53 ± 0.52
1	1.44 ± 0.10	1.54 ± 0.26	2.28 ± 0.25	7.59 ± 0.46	2.45 ± 0.41	3.20 ± 0.19	4.54 ± 0.52	6.83 ± 0.83	0.00 ± 0.10	− 0.27 ± 0.27	− 0.41 ± 0.11	− 1.61 ± 0.44
2	0.07 ± 0.08	0.39 ± 0.19	0.45 ± 0.10	2.61 ± 0.12	1.9 ± 0.38	2.13 ± 0.21	2.95 ± 0.18	2.48 ± 0.26	− 0.27 ± 0.08	− 0.12 ± 0.05	− 0.19 ± 0.04	0.70 ± 0.05
3	1.76 ± 0.47	1.13 ± 0.56	2.30 ± 0.86	5.36 ± 0.30	1.20 ± 0.64	1.28 ± 0.31	3.80 ± 1.18	5.46 ± 0.25	1.49 ± 0.10	1.77 ± 0.24	1.68 ± 0.41	2.74 ± 0.24
4	− 0.94 ± 0.29	− 0.53 ± 0.30	− 0.44 ± 0.53	0.31 ± 0.31	0.52 ± 0.26	0.77 ± 0.58	0.85 ± 0.40	0.42 ± 0.19	1.52 ± 0.07	1.52 ± 0.14	1.85 ± 0.27	1.19 ± 0.57

Positive control	24 h				48 h				72 h
Positive control	8 µM	40 µM	200 µM	1000 µM	8 µM	40 µM	200 µM	1000 µM	8 µM	40 µM	200 µM	1000 µM
H₂O₂	0.90 ± 0.37	1.34 ± 0.67	1.28 ± 0.62	1.77 ± 0.85	2.97 ± 0.57	3.55 ± 0.9	4.61 ± 0.15	5.75 ± 0.76	0.25 ± 0.08	0.34 ± 0.12	0.49 ± 0.22	1.00 ± 0.06

ISSN: 1475-2875