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Table 2 Risk factors of microscopic P. falciparum parasitaemia in pregnant women in the mount Cameroon area

From: Sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) resistance mutations to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, transmission intensity and risk of malaria infection in pregnancy in Mount Cameroon Region

Variable

Category

Microscopic infection# [%(n)]

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

P-value

Positive

Negative

Age group (years)

< 21

12.4 (19)

87.6 (134)

2.06 (1.11–3.80)

2.89 (1.29–6.46)

0.010

21–25

7.1 (20)

92.9 (263)

1.10 (0.61–2.00)

1.46 (0.75–2.84)

0.273

> 25

6.5 (28)

93.5 (406)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

5.903; 0.053

   

Seasonal status

Rainy

7.6 (30)

92.4 (367)

0.96 (0.58–1.59)

0.94 (0.56–1.56)

0.797

Dry

7.8 (37)

92.2 (436)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

0.021; 0.884

   

Study setting

Semi-rural

10.7 (47)

89.3 (390)

2.49 (1.45–4.28)

2.27 (1.31–3.96)

0.004

Semi-urban/urbanized

4.6 (20)

95.4 (413)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

11.256; 0.001

   

Gravidity status

Primigravidae

7.9 (22)

92.1 (257)

0.91 (0.52–1.61)

0.56 (0.27–1.18)

0.129

Secundigravidae

6.0 (13)

94.0 (205)

0.68 (0.35–1.32)

0.55 (0.26–1.15)

0.111

Multigravidae

8.6 (32)

91.4 (341)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

1.344; 0.511

   

IPTp-SP dosage frequency

Zero and one

10.5 (23)

89.5 (196)

1.54 (0.84–2.82)

1.38 (0.74–2.57)

0.318

Two

6.4 (21)

93.6 (305)

0.90 (0.49–1.67)

0.93 (0.49–1.73)

0.812

Three and above

7.1 (23)

92.9 (302)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

3.323; 0.190

   

ITN usage

Yes

7.7 (40)

92.3 (478)

0.91 (0.49–1.69)

1.15 (0.60–2.18)

0.675

No

6.9 (12)

93.1 (162)

0.80 (0.37–1.77)

1.07 (0.47–2.40)

0.878

No ITN

8.4 (15)

91.6 (163)

REF

REF

χ2; p-value

0.291; 0.865

   
  1. IPTp-SP: intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine –pyrimethamine, ITN: insecticide-treated nets, χ2 = Person Chi square, OR = Odds Ratio, * Values calculated using confidence interval calculator, & Values from multinomial regression analysis # Four samples were disqualified