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Table 3 Risk factors of sub-microscopic P. falciparum parasitaemia in pregnant women in the Cameroon area

From: Sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia, dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) resistance mutations to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, transmission intensity and risk of malaria infection in pregnancy in Mount Cameroon Region

Variable

Category

Submicroscopic malaria

Crude OR * (95% CI

Adjusted OR & (95% CI)

P-value

Positive (%) (n)

Negative (%) (n)

Age group (years)

 < 21

21.9 (16)

78.1 (73)

1.47 (0.77–2.80)

2.02 (0.91–4.77)

0.085

21–25

21.2 (35)

78.8 (130)

1.41 (0.89–2.32)

1.56 (0.86–2.82)

0.141

 > 25

16.0 (42)

84.0 (220

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

2.417; 0.299

   

Seasonal status

Rainy

26.0 (70)

74.0 (199)

3.18 (1.91–5.30)

3.01 (1.77–5.13)

 < 0.001

Dry

10.0 (23)

90.0 (208)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

21.186; < 0.001

   

Study area

Semi-rural

18.6 (29)

81.4 (127)

0.76 (0.47–1.25)

0.86 (0.51–1.44)

0.564

Semi-urban

23.0 (64)

77.0 (214)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

18.671 < 0.001

   

Gravidity status

Primigravidae

14.2 (22)

85.8 (133)

0.68 (0.39–1.20)

0.45 (0.21–0.94)

0.034

Secundigravidae

22.3 (29)

77.7 (101)

1.18 (0.69–2.02)

1.01 (0.54–1.88)

0.977

Multigravidae

19.5 (42)

80.5 (173)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

3.292; 0.193

   

Dosage frequency of SP

 ≤ 1 dose

18.6 (22)

81.6 (147)

1.07 (0.60–1.94)

0.94 (0.50 -1.77)

0.843

2 doses

19.7 (36)

80.3 (147)

1.15 (0.69–1.92)

1.31 (0.75–2.28)

0.337

 ≥ 3 doses

17.6 (35)

82.4 (164)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

0.274; 0.872

   

ITN usage

Yes

16.2 (52)

83.8 (269)

0.46 (0.26–0.81)

0.49 (0.27–0.90)

0.022

No

17.3 (17)

82.7 (81)

0.50 (0.25–1.01)

0.67 (0.31–1.46)

0.312

No ITN

29.6 (24)

70.4 (57)

REF

REF

 

χ2; p-value

7.832; 0.020

   
  1. IPTp-SP: intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine, ITN: insecticide-treated nets, χ2 = Person Chi square, OR = Odds Ratio, * Values calculated using confidence interval calculator, & Values from multinomial regression analysis