Variables | Mandla | Balaghat | Dindori | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | End line§ | |||
(N = 220) | (N = 261) | (N = 230) | (N = 184) | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Source of malaria infection | ||||
Mosquito bites | 215 (97.73) | 259 (99.23) | 229 (99.57) | 180 (97.83) |
Microorganism | 20 (9.09)** | 6 (2.30) | 0 (0.00)* | 3 (1.63) |
Contact | 13 (5.91)** | 4 (1.53) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.54) |
Other insects | 8 (3.64)* | 2 (0.77) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.54) |
Consuming contaminated water/food | 68 (30.91)*** | 20 (7.66) | 1 (0.43)** | 6 (3.26)* |
Mosquito breeding places | ||||
Stagnant water | 184 (83.64) | 202 (77.39) | 185 (80.43) | 149 (80.98) |
Fresh or running water | 28 (12.73)*** | 145 (55.56) | 36 (15.65)*** | 32 (17.39)*** |
Garbage | 7 (3.18)** | 0 (0.00) | 21 (9.13)*** | 10 (5.43)** |
Dark and humid place | 1 (0.45) | 0 (0.00) | 18 (7.83)*** | 25 (13.59)*** |
High risk group of malaria | ||||
Infants and pregnant woman | 112 (50.91) | 117 (44.83) | 110 (47.83) | 79 (42.93) |
Old age group | 7 (3.18) | 11 (4.21) | 69 (30.00)*** | 70 (38.04)*** |
Children of 2–10 year | 13 (5.91)*** | 66 (25.29) | 51 (22.17) | 35 (19.02) |
All of the above | 57 (25.91) | 67 (25.67) | 0 (0.00)*** | 0 (0.00)*** |
Preventive measures of malaria | ||||
Plain Mosquito nets | 203 (92.27) | 246 (94.25) | 214 (93.04) | 170 (92.39) |
ITN/LLIN | 52 (23.64)** | 98 (37.55) | 25 (10.87)*** | 17 (9.24)*** |
Clear stagnant water | 131 (59.55)*** | 91 (34.87) | 62 (26.96) | 30 (16.30)*** |
Insecticide spray | 68 (30.91)** | 43 (16.48) | 38 (16.52) | 5 (2.72)*** |
Repellents (coils, etc.) | 55 (25.00)* | 42 (16.09) | 40 (17.39) | 22 (11.96) |
Smoke | 127 (57.73)*** | 101 (38.70) | 71 (30.87) | 60 (32.61) |
Skin lotions or ointments | 24 (10.91) | 16 (6.13) | 17 (7.39) | 13 (7.07) |
Wear clothes to cover the body | 43 (19.55)*** | 11 (4.21) | 15 (6.52) | 6 (3.26) |
Take medicines for malaria | 31 (14.09)*** | 12 (4.60) | 25 (10.87)** | 22 (11.96)** |
Keep surroundings clean | 116 (52.73) | 116 (44.44) | 123 (53.48)* | 75 (40.76) |
Common symptoms of malaria | ||||
High fever | 205 (93.18) | 247 (94.64) | 182 (79.13)*** | 132 (71.74)*** |
Ordinary fever | 69 (31.36)*** | 38 (14.56) | 65 (28.26)** | 79 (42.93)*** |
Chills | 162 (73.64)* | 164 (62.84) | 177 (76.96)** | 130 (70.65) |
Headache | 162 (73.64) | 187 (71.65) | 147 (63.91) | 65 (35.33)*** |
Bodyache | 154 (70.00)*** | 106 (40.61) | 42 (18.26)*** | 25 (13.59)*** |
Nausea/vomiting | 120 (54.55)*** | 65 (24.90) | 58 (25.22)*** | 27 (14.67)** |
Common malaria species in area | ||||
P. falciparum | 99 (45.00) | 116 (44.44) | 120 (52.17) | 95 (51.63) |
P. vivax | 60 (27.27) | 65 (24.90) | 81 (35.22)* | 63 (34.24)* |
Both (Pf and Pv) | 61 (27.73) | 80 (30.65) | 29 (12.61)*** | 26 (14.13)** |
Mosquito nets distributed in area | 65 (29.55)*** | 163 (62.45) | 98 (42.61)*** | 134 (72.83)*** |
Program nets were ITN/LLIN | 62 (28.18)*** | 125 (47.89) | 87 (37.83)* | 79 (42.93) |