Table 2 Descriptive statistics for individual, household, and environmental covariates included in regression analyses
Covariate | 2015 | 2018 | Total 2015 and 2018 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | Rural | All | Urban | Rural | All | Urban | Rural | All | |
(n = 14,476) | (n = 2427) | 16,903 | (n = 11,444) | (n = 2290) | 13,734 | (n = 25,920) | (n = 4,717) | (n = 30,637) | |
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 6295 (43.5) | 1101 (45.4) | 7396 (45.4) | 5167 (45.2) | 1152 (50.3) | 6319 (46.0) | 11,462 (44.22) | 2253 (47.76) | 13,715 (44.77) |
Female | 8181 (56.5) | 1326 (54.6) | 9507 (54.6) | 6277 (54.8) | 1138 (49.7) | 7415 (54.0) | 14,458 (55.78) | 2464 (52.24) | 16,922 (55.23) |
Age group | |||||||||
< 5 years | 3086 (21.3) | 470 (19.4) | 3556 (21.0) | 1646 (14.4) | 285 (12.5) | 1931 (14.1) | 4732 (18.3) | 755 (16.0) | 5487 (17.9) |
5–9 years | 1909 (13.2) | 329 (13.6) | 2238 (13.2) | 1450 (12.7) | 279 (12.2) | 1729 (12.6) | 3359 (13.0) | 608 (12.9) | 3967 (12.9) |
10–14 years | 1781 (12.3) | 276 (11.4) | 2057 (12.2) | 1421 (12.4) | 274 (12.0) | 1695 (12.3) | 3202 (12.4) | 550 (11.7) | 3752 (12.2) |
15–19 years | 1422 (9.8) | 160 (6.6) | 1582 (9.4) | 1127 (9.8) | 200 (8.7) | 1327 (9.7) | 2549 (9.8) | 360 (7.6) | 2909 (9.5) |
20–29 years | 3101 (21.4) | 374 (15.4) | 3475 (20.6) | 2378 (20.8) | 394 (17.2) | 2772 (20.2) | 5479 (21.1) | 768 (16.3) | 6247 (20.4) |
30–39 years | 1580 (10.9) | 253 (10.4) | 1833 (10.8) | 1534 (13.4) | 278 (12.1) | 1812 (13.2) | 3114 (12.0) | 531 (11.3) | 3645 (11.9) |
40–49 years | 731 (5.1) | 219 (9.0) | 950 (5.6) | 642 (5.6) | 154 (6.7) | 796 (5.8) | 1373 (5.3) | 373 (7.9) | 1746 (5.7) |
50–59 years | 480 (3.3) | 166 (6.8) | 646 (3.8) | 419 (3.7) | 163 (7.1) | 582 (4.2) | 899 (3.5) | 329 (7.0) | 1228 (4.0) |
> 60 years | 386 (2.7) | 180 (7.4) | 566 (3.4) | 827 (7.2) | 263 (11.5) | 1090 (7.9) | 1213 (4.7) | 443 (9.4) | 1656 (5.4) |
Socioeconomic Status (Quantile) | |||||||||
Poorest | 3036 (21.0) | 1443 (59.5) | 4479 (26.5) | 2616 (22.9) | 1,022 (44.6) | 3638 (26.5) | 5652 (21.8) | 2465 (52.3) | 8117 (26.5) |
2nd | 3812 (26.3) | 532 (21.9) | 4344 (25.7) | 2911 (25.4) | 527 (23.0) | 3438 (25.0) | 6723 (25.9) | 1059 (22.5) | 7782 (25.4) |
3rd | 3840 (26.5) | 281 (11.6) | 4121 (24.4) | 2980 (26.0) | 454 (19.8) | 3434 (25.0) | 6820 (26.3) | 735 (15.6) | 7555 (24.7) |
Wealthiest | 3788 (26.2) | 171 (7.0) | 3959 (23.4) | 2937 (25.7) | 287 (12.5) | 3224 (23.5) | 6725 (25.9) | 458 (9.7) | 7183 (23.4) |
Household density | |||||||||
Very low density | 1585 (11.0) | 483 (19.9) | 2068 (12.2) | 1388 (12.1) | 448 (19.6) | 1836 (13.4) | 2973 (11.5) | 931 (19.7) | 3904 (12.7) |
Low density | 4217 (29.1) | 684 (28.2) | 4901 (29.0) | 2966 (25.9) | 580 (25.3) | 3546 (25.8) | 7183 (27.7) | 1264 (26.8) | 8447 (27.6) |
Medium density | 6104 (42.2) | 708 (29.2) | 6812 (40.3) | 4341 (37.9) | 712 (31.1) | 5053 (36.8) | 10,445 (40.3) | 1420 (30.1) | 11,865 (38.7) |
High density | 1802 (12.4) | 351 (14.4) | 2153 (12.7) | 1582 (13.8) | 234 (10.2) | 1816 (13.2) | 3384 (13.1) | 585 (12.4) | 3969 (12.9) |
Very high density | 768 (5.3) | 201 (8.3) | 969 (5.7) | 1167 (10.2) | 316 (13.8) | 1483 (10.8) | 1935 (7.5) | 517 (11.0) | 2452 (8.0) |
LLIN Use | |||||||||
Yes | 7681 (53.1) | 1312 (54.1) | 8993 (53.2) | 6633 (58.0) | 1251 (54.6) | 7884 (57.4) | 14,314 (55.2) | 2563 (54.3) | 16,877 (55.1) |
No | 6795 (46.9) | 1115 (45.9) | 7910 (46.8) | 4811 (42.0) | 1039 (45.4) | 5850 (42.6) | 11,606 (44.8) | 2154 (45.7) | 13,760 (44.9) |
Travelled to continental Africa | |||||||||
Yes | 1933 (13.4) | 134 (5.5) | 2067 (12.2) | 773 (6.8) | 76 (3.3) | 849 (6.2) | 2706 (10.4) | 210 (4.5) | 2916 (9.5) |
No | 12,543 (86.6) | 2293 (94.5) | 14,836 (87.8) | 10,671 (93.2) | 2214 (96.7) | 12,885 (93.8) | 23,214 (89.6) | 4507 (95.5) | 27,721 (90.55) |
House has open eaves | |||||||||
Yes | 10,592 (73.2) | 1191 (49.1) | 11,783 (69.7) | 7712 (67.4) | 1345 (58.7) | 9057 (66.0) | 18,304 (70.6) | 2536 (53.8) | 20,840 (68.0) |
No | 3884 (26.8) | 1236 (50.9) | 5120 (30.3) | 3732 (32.6) | 945 (41.3) | 4677 (34.0) | 7616 (29.4) | 2181 (46.2) | 9797 (32.0) |
House has air conditioning | |||||||||
Yes | 2228 (15.4) | 167 (6.8) | 2395 (14.2) | 2819 (24.6) | 408 (17.8) | 3227 (23.5) | 5047 (19.5) | 575 (12.2) | 5622 (18.4) |
No | 12,244 (84.6) | 2260 (93.1) | 14,504 (85.8) | 8625 (75.4) | 1882 (82.2) | 10,507 (76.5) | 20,869 (80.5) | 4142 (87.8) | 25,011 (81.6) |
Environmental covariates, mean (sd) | |||||||||
TCB | 0.52 (0.08) | 0.5 (0.14) | 0.52 (0.09) | 0.37 (0.03) | 0.38 (0.03) | 0.37 (0.03) | N/a | N/a | N/a |
TCW | − 0.01 (0.02) | 0.03 (0.04) | 0.00 (0.03) | − 0.02 (0.02) | 0 (0.03) | − 0.02 (0.02) | N/a | N/a | N/a |
Elevation (meters) | 71.67 (77.62) | 284.09 (362.75) | 102.98 (172.48) | 70.54 (70.21) | 299.54 (384.02) | 110 (190.05) | N/a | N/a | N/a |
Temperature (C) | 22.81 (3.61) | 23.43 (4.43) | 22.88 (3.78) | 23.43 (2.12) | 23.06 (2.67) | 23.36 (2.23) | N/a | N/a | N/a |
EVI | 0.24 (0.11) | 0.46 (0.11) | 0.27 (0.14) | 0.25 (0.13) | 0.49 (0.12) | 0.29 (0.16) | N/a | N/a | N/a |
Slope | 7.61 (4.15) | 10.13 (6.33) | 7.97 (4.61) | 7.5 (4.07) | 10.37 (6.30) | 7.99 (4.65) | N/a | N/a | N/a |