Fig. 5

The IL10 decreases the production of TNF in whole blood from malaria naïve stimulated with haemozoin: Whole blood from a healthy malaria naïve donor, and Hz was added at a final concentration of 60 nmol/mL. An equal volume of patient plasma was introduced, with IL-10 recombinant protein at a final concentration of 0.75 ng/mL added to half of the experimental wells. Control wells were stimulated with Hz only. After 24 h, supernatants were harvested and analysed for TNF by ELISA. The representative dot plots indicate the original concentration of TNF (pg/mL) contained in the patient plasma (black) is compared with TNF produced after stimulation with haemozoin (blue) and in the presence of anti-IL-10 antibody (red). Each dot corresponds to an individual participant (5A). Wells were stimulated in the presence or absence of two different concentrations of recombinant IL-10. After 18, 24, and 48 h, supernatants were harvested, analysed for TNF by ELISA. All comparisons were performed using Tukey from a permutation One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The mean values that are statistically significant are indicated by p < 0.05. In the bar graph, the bar shows the mean. Data represent the pool of 2 replicates. *P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001 (Two-way ANOVA multiple comparison); ns means differences are not significant