Fig. 1

Isoliensinine treatment effects on late-stage IV/V gametocytes from human Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. A Chemical structure of isoliensinine, B Isoliensinine reduces stage IV/V gametocytes survival. The dose–response curves of isoliensinine against stage IV/V gametocytes estimated IC₅₀^gam values to be 0.2528 µg/mL (0.41 ± 0.043 µM), 0.4241 µg/mL (0.69 ± 0.019 µM) for MGT 0063 (Marigat isolate), and KCH 016/19 (Kericho isolate) Plasmodium clinical isolates, respectively (n = 3 independent replicates). Error bars indicate standard deviation (s.d). Primaquine served as a positive control in these assays with a mean IC₅₀^gam 7.46 ± 0.102 µM. C: Gametocytes morphological changes on isoliensinine treatment captured from Giemsa-stained slides at 100 × oil immersion objective. Lane 1: 0.2% DMSO-treated gametocytes, Lane 2: isoliensinine-treated gametocytes, and Lane 3: Primaquine treated gametocytes