Fig. 3

Treatment effects of isoliensinine on Plasmodium development. A Time course dose–response inhibitory kinetics of isoliensine action against Dd2 in four independent replicates of SYBR Green I IC₅₀ speed assay (n = 4). Each point represents a mean value of the experimental replicates for the representative periods and error bars indicate standard deviation (s.d). B Representative images depicting stage specificity effects exerted against mature trophozoites and schizonts maturation. Smears were made after treatment with isoliensinine at 2.2 µM. Aliquots of synchronized Dd2 parasites at 1% parasitaemia ring stages were treated at 5–16, 17–29, and 29–41 hpi. Morphological examination by light microscopy, under 100 × oil immersion objective, was used to detect the stage specificity of action relative to DMSO-control treatment, as described in the Methods section. Three independent experimental replicates were performed (n = 3)