The effects of urbanization on global Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests on Pv PR values between GRUMP-UE defined urban (U) and rural (R) survey pairs for countries, regions and the World

Region	No. pairs	U > R		U < R		Z	P-value
Region	No. pairs	No. pairs	Rank sum	No. pairs	Rank sum	Z	P-value
Africa+	428	33	1,432	86	5,708	−5.670	<0.001***
Ethiopia	80	18	587	61	2,573	−4.853	<0.001***
Sudan	192	7	47	9	89	−1.086	0.286
Yemen	35	7	41	13	169	−2.389	0.018**
Other countries	13	1	2	3	8	−1.095	0.361
Americas	49	23	636	19	263	2.307	0.021**
Brazil	22	15	135	3	36	2.156	0.032**
Mexico	10	1	10	9	45	−1.784	0.067*
Other countries	17	7	72	7	33	1.224	0.232
Asia+	712	127	50,971	517	156,719	−11.194	<0.001***
Afghanistan	68	23	1,023	42	1,122	−0.323	0.749
Bangladesh	27	1	27	26	351	−3.892	<0.001***
China	26	8	146	18	205	−0.749	0.461
Indonesia	462	74	18,926	328	62,077	−9.256	<0.001***
India	26	4	60	22	291	−2.933	0.003***
Cambodia	12	1	6	11	72	−2.589	0.007***
Nepal	18	2	35	16	136	−2.199	0.021**
Pakistan	11	6	38	5	28	0.444	0.700
Thailand	12	1	2	11	76	−2.903	0.001***
Vietnam	23	0	0	21	231	−4.014	<0.001***
Other countries	29	7	124	17	176	−0.743	0.466
World	1,189	183	84,784	622	239,631	−11.732	<0.001***

Africa+ =Africa, Saudi Arabia and Yemen; Asia+ =Central and South East Asia (*** = P < 0.01, ** = P < 0.05, * = P < 0.1).

ISSN: 1475-2875