Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for malaria diagnosis during a follow-up study in São Tomé

Malaria Journal

Table 4 Agreement, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of various tests for malaria diagnosis versus gold standard nested PCR

Tests	% Agreement with nested PCR (Kappa)	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
		(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Before treatment
HRP-2-RDTs	81%	84	78	79	83
HRP-2-RDTs	(0.63)	(75.3, 90.6)	(68.6, 85.7)	(69.7, 86.5)	(74.2, 89.8)
Microscopy	85%	72	98	98	78
Microscopy	(0.70)	(62.1, 80.5)	(93.0, 99.8)	(93.0, 99.8)	(68.6, 85.7)
LAMP	99%	100	98	98	100
	(0.98)	(96.4, 100)	(93.0, 99.8)	(93.0, 99.8)	(96.4, 100)
On day 7 after first-line treatment
HRP-2-RDTs	61%	58	61	21	89
HRP-2-RDTs	(0.11)	(47.7, 67.8)	(50.7, 70.6)	(13.5, 30.3)	(81.2, 94.4)
Microscopy	94%	58	100	100	93
Microscopy	(0.70)	(47.7, 67.8)	(96.4, 100)	(96.4, 100)	(86.1, 97.1)
LAMP	99%	92	100	100	99
	(0.95)	(84.8, 96.5)	(96.4, 100)	(96.4, 100)	(94.6, 99.9)

Percentage of agreement was measured by the percentage of test results with both positive or with both negative responses and its corresponding Kappa statistic (the higher the better; see texts in statistical analysis).
HRP-2-RDTs, histidine-rich protein 2 based rapid diagnostic tests; Nested PCR, nested polymerase chain reaction; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

ISSN: 1475-2875