Table 1 Studies evaluating Anopheles mosquito mortality and Plasmodium transmission after imbibing blood containing ivermectin
Reference | Methods | Species | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
Pampiglione 1985 [24] | Feeding on impregnated cotton and on treated mice. | An. stephensi | Increased mortality in all groups feeding on impregnated cotton, 100% mortality in those feeding at 28,000 μg/L. |
Dose: 140–28,000 μg/kg (once, subcutaneous) |  | 100% mortality 24-hr post feeding on mice treated at dose ≥2,800 μg/kg. Increased mortality in all other dose-groups. | |
Iakubovich 1989 [25] | Membrane and feeding on treated rabbits. Dose: 340 μg/kg (once, subcutaneous) | An. stephensi | Death rates among An. stephensi fed on rabbits 4, 5 and 6 days after administration of the drug were 93, 70 and 79%, respectively. |
| Â | An. atroparvus | No difference with control seen in An. sacharovi and An. atroparvus. | |
| Â | An. sacharovi | Â | |
Jones 1992 [26] | Membrane and feeding on treated dogs Dose: 10–2,500 μg/kg (once, orally) | An. quadrimaculatus | Mortality ≥90% in all but one treatment groups 24-hr post blood feeding and ≥90% in all groups 48-hr post blood feeding |
Gardner 1993 [27] | Feeding on treated dogs | An. quadrimaculatus | Significant increase in mortality. LD50 = 9.9 μg/kg [6.0, 13.8] |
Dose: 6–24 μg/kg (once, orally) |  | Significant decrease in oviposition and egg-hatching from survivors | |
Bockarie 1999 [21] | Field collections of engorged females before and after MDA for lymphatic filariasis | An. punctulatus | Significant decrease in 9-day cumulative survival rate of Anopheles spp. collected 1–3 days post-treatment (0%) vs those collected pre-treatment (67%) |
Dose: 400 μg/kg ivermectin +/- 6 mg/kg DEC (once, orally) | An. koliensis | The 48-hr survival rate of An. puctulatus collected from two houses in the a treated village the morning following MDA was 31% vs 94% from two houses of an untreated village | |
| Â | Â | Pre- and post-treatment all-night landing catches showed no significant reduction in human biting rates. | |
Foley 2000 [20] | Feeding on one treated human volunteer Dose: 250 μg/kg (once, orally) | An. farauti | 12-day cumulative mortality rate of mosquitoes was 100%, 95%, 93%, and 40% for those fed 0, 7, 10 and 14 days post-treatment vs 10% for those fed pre-treatment |
Fritz 2009 [28] | Membrane and feeding on treated cattle | An. gambiae | Membrane feeding: LC50 for An. gambiae s.l. was 19.8 ± 2.8 ppb; no oviposition from mosquitoes fed on >10 ppb |
|  | Dose: 600 μg/kg (once, subcutaneously) | An. arabiensis | Cattle feeding: Total cumulative survival of An. gambiae s.s. significantly different from controls when fed up to 20 days post-treatment; no or significantly reduced oviposition when fed up to 17 days post-treatment |
Chaccour 2010 [19] | Feeding on randomized, treated volunteers and controls | Â | Mean 12-day survival time of 2.38 days [1.52, 3.24] for mosquitoes fed on treated subjects at 1 day post-treatment vs 5.52 days [4.65, 6.4] for mosquitoes fed on untreated control subjects |
Dose: 200 μg/kg (once, orally) | An. gambiae | No effect on mosquitoes fed on treated subjects at 14 days post-treatment | |
Kobylinski 2010 [16] | membrane feedings Dose: NA | An. gambiae | LC50 = 22.4 ng/ml [18.0, 26.9]. At sub-lethal concentrations, significantly reduced mosquito re-blood feeding rates and a second ivermectin blood meal, even at a decreased concentration, further increased mortality |
Sylla 2010 [23] | Field collections of engorged females before and after MDA for onchocerciasis | An. gambiae | 5-day cumulative survival of An. gambiae s.s. was significantly reduced from 3 treated villages vs pair-matched control villages |
Dose: 150 μg/kg (once, orally) | An. arabiensis | An. gambiae s.s. captured in treated villages 1–6 days post-treatment had significantly reduced survival v those caught pre-MDA and those caught >7 days post-treatment | |
Kobylinski 2011 [22] | Field collections of engorged females before and after MDA for onchocerciasis | An. gambiae | For 12 days after the MDA, mean P. falciparum sporozoite rate was significantly reduced by 79% in 3 replicate treated villages while it increased by 246% in pair-matched control villages |
|  | Dose: 150 μg/kg (once, orally) |  |  |
Butters 2012 [29] | Membrane feeding Dose: NA | An. gambiae | Sub-lethal concentrations (LC25 & LC5) caused significant knockdown and reduced recovery rates |
Fritz 2012 [30] | Membrane feeding Dose: NA | An. arabiensis | LC50 = 7 · 9 ppb [6.2, 9.9]; oviposition among survivors was significantly reduced at ≥7 ppb |
Bastiaens 2012 [31] | Feeding on treated Swiss mice, Wistar rats and Cynomolgus monkeys Dose: 200–400 μg/kg (different intervals, orally) | An. stephensi | 3-day cumulative mortality of mosquitoes fed on treated mice, rats and monkeys significantly differed from controls when fed up to 2, 4 and 3 days post-treatment, respectively |
Kobylinski 2012 [32] | Membrane feeding | An. gambiae | Sub-lethal concentrations significantly inhibited P. falciparum sporogony when fed prior to, concurrent with, and 6 and 9 days after infection with gametocytes |
| Â | Dose: NA | Â | Â |