From: Modelling sterile insect technique to control the population of Anopheles gambiae
 | Biological observation | Model notes |
---|---|---|
[38] Foster et al. 1988 | Modelled EBS and female-killing of a | Computational model that works on |
 | hypothetical insect population at various | discrete generations comparing each male |
 | migrations, release rates, incomplete sterilities, | genotype with each female genotype. |
 | and number of mutated alleles. Under most, |  |
 | but not all scenarios, EBS achieves better |  |
 | control than female-killing. |  |
[39] Schliekelman and Gould 2000a | The authors model a hypothetical transgenic | The model uses combinatorics to determine |
 | implementation in hypothetical insects | a population’s genetic make-up as inherited |
 | whereby there are multiple lethal genes | from parents. Lethality is operational in a |
 | in released insects and these lethal genes | population subset with the correct allele |
 | are conditional, killing only when certain | active in their genotype. |
 | conditions are met and otherwise propagate. Found that under ideal conditions, this |  |
 | implementation can be far more effective |  |
 | than traditional EBS. |  |
[40] Schliekelman and Gould 2000b | Modelled transgenic implementation whereby | This model maintains 20 population signals, |
 | 2–20 lethal genes were engineered into a | one for each possible active allele. |
 | hypothetical insect. As the number of lethal | Inheritance is captured as generations |
 | genes per released animal increases, there is a | inherit their genetic makeup from the |
 | greater chance any one progeny will inherit a | previous generation. |
 | lethal gene. Found under ideal conditions, |  |
 | control could be achieved at rates several |  |
 | orders of magnitude more effectively than |  |
 | single gene EBS. |  |
[41] Barclay 2001 | Modelled EBS in hypothetical insects, with | The analysis is performed with a discrete- |
 | special regard to incomplete sterility and lack | time population model. The paper reports |
 | of competitive mating ability, which cause | on many factors including equilibrium |
 | decreased levels of control success. | female population with regards to |
 |  | incomplete fertility. |
[42] Esteva and Yang 2005 | Models EBS implementation in males | Equation-based population model with |
 | engineered to have no sperm. Release | density dependent mortality. |
 | proportion is important. |  |
[22] Phuc et al. 2007 | Compared EBS to LBS. They found that EBS at | Time-delayed difference equation model |
 | low release ratios can increase equilibrium size | with a density-dependent mortality in the |
 | of adult population, but LBS can result in | aquatic life-stage and based on [43]. The |
 | eradication. At high release ratio EBS works but | difference between EBS and LBS was |
 | LBS works better. | characterized in population suppression. |
[44] Kean et al. 2008 | Frequent small releases of EBS moths may be | Discrete-time population model with |
 | more effective than less frequent releases. They | overlapping generations. This model takes |
 | also compared how competitiveness of | into account an over flooding parameter |
 | irradiated males effected control. Models doses | and incomplete sterility. |
 | of radiation which result in reduced, but not |  |
 | complete sterilisation of males to the benefit of |  |
 | increased mating competitiveness. |  |
[45] Yakob et al. 2009 | Modelled LBS, EBS, EFK, and LFK of a | Time-delayed difference equation model |
 | hypothetical insect population at various | representing the mosquito’s lifecycle with |
 | release proportions, migrations, density | adult and larval mortality terms. |
 | dependancies, and fecundities. Found bisex |  |
 | lethal could be preferred over female killing |  |
 | under certain scenarios. |  |
[46] White et al. 2010 | Models Ae. aegypti, EBS and LBS releases. Found | Population dynamics are modelled with |
 | control is more effective with fewer males | a time-delayed difference equation model |
 | released more often than many males released | extended from [43]. EBS and LBS are |
 | less frequently. | modelled and the dynamics of injected pulses of mosquitoes are reported. |
[47] Deredec et al. 2011 | Models an An. gambiae EFK implementation | This work extends a population model |
 | where the X chromosome in sperm is targeted | by adding HEG dynamics and focuses on |
 | (and two other transgenic techniques that are | reducing the intrinsic reproductive rate of |
 | outside the scope of this paper) by release | the female population. Density dependent |
 | of mosquitoes carrying homing endonuclease | mortality is considered for larvae. |
 | genes (HEG). Determined the number of |  |
 | individual HEGs targeting essential mosquito |  |
 | genes required at various mosquito |  |
 | reproductive numbers with various homing |  |
 | rates to eliminate a mosquito population. |  |
[37] Thailayil et al. 2011 | Models release size of spermless An. gambiae | Differential equation model with no explicit |
 | (EBS) males required at differing rates of | time latency between generations. The |
 | occurrences where females mate more than | adult female population separated into |
 | once. Very low levels of remating events were | females who have not mated; mated and |
 | found to have significant negative effects on | fertile; mated; and infertile. Population |
 | the ability to control the mosquito population. | persistence was described in terms of the model coefficients. |
[48] Dumont and Tchuenche 2011 | Found it more effective to have small and | Extensive system of equations which |
 | frequent releases of EBS males over large | captures population and compartmental |
 | infrequent releases. Also EBS works better | dynamics. |
 | when carried out with a larval habitat control |  |
 | program (mechanical control). |  |
[49] Lee et al. 2013 | Modelled EBS & LBS in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes | Difference equation model similar to [22] |
 | under endemic and emerging outbreak | but look at an endemic case and emerging |
 | scenarios. Evaluated various release and | outbreak of mosquito populations. |
 | intervention-region sizes. Found EBS was |  |
 | always more effective than EBS, though the the |  |
 | magnitude varied by situation. |  |