From: In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of plants from the Brazilian Amazon
Plant species | Part | Extract | P. falciparum a IC50, µg/mL ± SDb | Macrophages IC50, µg/mL (95 % CI) | SIc | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anacardium occidentale | Bark | CHCl3 | 36.6 ± 17.7 | I | >200 | >5.5 |
EtOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Leaf | CHCl3 | 43.9 ± 10.8 | I | >200 | >4.6 | |
EtOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
H2O(i) | 45.0 ± 5.0 | I | >200 | >4.4 | ||
Andropogon leucostachyus | Aerial part | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – |
H2O(d) | 45.4 ± 0.4 | I | >200 | >4.4 | ||
MeOH | 7.1 ± 3.3 | A | >200 | >28.2 | ||
Clidemia bullosa | Leaf | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – |
H2O(d) | 26.2 ± 3.1 | I | >200 | >7.6 | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Branch | CHCl3 | 13.5 ± 2.7 | MA | >200 | >14.8 | |
H2O(d) | 21.2 ± 4.0 | MA | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Croton cajucara (white variety-WV) | Bark | CHCl3 | 29.1 ± 6.3 | I | 43.1 (27.4–67.8) | 1.5 |
EtOH | 17.2 ± 6.6 | MA | 127 (49.8–321) | 7.4 | ||
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Leaf | CHCl3 | 11.3 ± 3.4 | MA | >200 | >17.7 | |
EtOH | 16.3 ± 4.5 | MA | >200 | >12.3 | ||
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Croton cajucara (red variety-RV) | Bark | CHCl3 | 32.2 ± 5.7 | I | >200 | >6.2 |
EtOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Leaf | CHCl3 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | A | 40.6 (32.6–50.6) | 6.3 | |
EtOH | 13.3 ± 2.3 | MA | >200 | >15.0 | ||
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Derris floribunda | Bark | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – |
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Leaf | CHCl3 | 47.4 ± 1.6 | I | >200 | >4.2 | |
H2O(i) | 27.5 ± 7.5 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Miconia nervosa | Bark | CHCl3 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | MA | 46.6 (43.1–50.4) | 3.5 |
H2O(d) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Leaf | CHCl3 | 12.4 ± 4.1 | MA | 70.6 (62.7–79.7) | 5.7 | |
H2O(d) | 10.2 ± 2.5 | MA | >200 | >19.6 | ||
MeOH | 9.9 ± 3.2 | A | 95.9 (71.0–130) | 9.7 | ||
Parkia nitida | Bark | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – |
H2O(d) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Leaf | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – | |
H2O(d) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Paullinia cupana | Leaf | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – |
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Fruit | CHCl3 | 19.3 ± 6.4 | MA | >200 | >10.4 | |
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Branch | CHCl3 | 19.3 ± 5.5 | MA | 62.9 (53.9–73.4) | 3.3 | |
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Stigmaphyllon sinuatum | Leaf | CHCl3 | >50 | I | – | – |
EtOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
H2O(i) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Xylopia amazonica | Leaf | CHCl3 | 7.3 ± 1.8 | A | 33.9 (29.6–38.9) | 4.6 |
H2O(d) | 10.5 ± 3.3 | MA | >200 | >19.0 | ||
EtOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Branch | CHCl3 | 19.5 ± 3.1 | MA | 29.2 (19.6–43.5) | 1.5 | |
H2O(d) | >50 | I | – | – | ||
EtOH | 9.8 ± 1.8 | A | 6.9 (0.4–12.1) | 0.7 | ||
Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae | Leaf | CHCl3 | 40.2 ± 3.2 | I | >200 | >5.0 |
H2O(i) | 15.6 ± 2.9 | MA | >200 | >12.8 | ||
MeOH | >50 | I | – | – | ||
Branch | CHCl3 | 17.4 ± 1.3 | MA | 24.7 (18.6–32.9) | 1.4 | |
H2O(i) | 32.5 ± 7.9 | I | >200 | >6.2 | ||
MeOH | 21.8 ± 3.7 | I | >200 | >9.2 | ||
Controls | DMSO | – | I | – | – | |
Chloroquine diphosphate | 0.23 ± 0.03 | A | – | – | ||
 | Doxorubicin | – | – | 0.63 (0.59–0.68) | – |