Acquired immune responses to three malaria vaccine candidates and their relationship to invasion inhibition in two populations naturally exposed to malaria

Table 1 Reactivity to AMA1, MSP1-19, MSP3 and 3D7 lysate stratified by country and gender

	Ghana		Madagascar		Kuskal–Wallis	Dunn‘s post test
	Female (A)	Male (B)	Female (C)	Male (D)	Kuskal–Wallis	p (A vs. B)	p (C vs. D)	P (A vs. C)	P (B vs. D)
Age (years, ± SD)	32.2 ± 7.4	29.2 ± 4.7	37.5 ± 5.1	38.7 ± 5.7	<0.0001	0.1617	>0.9999	0.001	<0.0001
AMA1 (AU)	1.6 (1.2–1.9)	3.0 (1.9–4.2)	0.7 (0.1–1.3)	0.9 (0.4–1.4)	<0.0001	0.5952	0.2926	<0.0001	0.0011
MSP1-19 (AU)	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	1.5 (0.9–2.0)	0.7 (0.0–1.4)	0.8 (−0.3–1.9)	0.0002	0.3937	>0.9999	0.0294	0.0043
MSP3 (AU)	1.0 (0.5–1.4)	2.0 (1.5–2.6)	1.0 (0.3–1.7)	0.9 (−0.2–2.1)	<0.0001	0.0141	>0.9999	0.2725	0.0002
3D7 lysate (AU)	3.5 (2.6–4.4)	5.2 (4.1–6.3)	2.3 (0.9–3.7)	2.4 (1.1–3.7)	<0.0001	0.0423	0.701	0.003	0.0005

Prevalence of antibodies to the variant antigens (%)					Chi square test
N	33	45	40	18	p (A vs. B)	p (C vs. D)	p (A vs. C)	p (B vs. D)
AMA1	21 (63.6)	34 (75.6)	5 (12.5)	7 (38.9)	0.2541	0.0217	<0.0001	0.0058
MSP1-19	6 (18.2)	17 (37.8)	4 (10.0)	2 (11.1)	0.0608	0.8977	0.3116	0.0372
MSP3	11 (33.3)	28 (62.2)	9 (22.5)	3 (16.7)	0.0117	0.6119	0.3017	0.0011
3D7 lysate	27 (81.8)	44 (87.8)	14 (35)	9 (50.0)	0.0148	0.2800	<0.0001	<0.0001

Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD for the age and as means with 95 % confidence interval for the antigens reactivity and analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test and Dunn’s post test. Categorical data are presented as proportions and analyzed using a Chi square test

ISSN: 1475-2875