Fig. 4

Scatterplots showing changes in GDP per capita, life expectancy, urban area and population from 1900 to the per-country malaria decline periods and from the per-country malaria decline periods to elimination. As the percentages of urban area in Belgium were far higher (30.47, 42.10 and 68.09 % at the time of 1900, malaria decline and elimination) than other countries, to reveal the general trend in Europe, data for Belgium were not shown here. A one-to-one line is shown on each plot to aid interpretation. The ISO country abbreviation is used on the scatterplots for country names (http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/country_code_list.htm)