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Table 1 Study population characteristics and comparison between Plasmodium spp. (P. spp.) PCR-pos vs PCR-neg groups, and between PCR-pos P. falciparum (Pf) vs P. vivax (Pv) patients (univariate analysis)

From: Molecular evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in Duffy negative symptomatic individuals from Dschang, West Cameroon

Variable

Total population

P. spp. PCR− (n = 414)

P. spp. PCR+ (n = 70)a

P value

Pf PCR+ (n = 42)b

Pv PCR+ (n = 25)b

P value

Age (years), n (%)

 ≤5

131 (27.1%)

112 (27.1%)

19 (27.1%)

0.153

11 (26.2%)

7 (28.0%)

0.906

 6–14

31 (6.4%)

26 (6.3%)

5 (7.1%)

2 (4.8%)

2 (8%)

 15–24

91 (18.8%)

78 (18.8%)

13 (18.6%)

9 (21.4%)

4 (16%)

 25–64

198 (40.9)

171 (41.3%)

27 (38.6%)

17 (40.5%)

9 (36%)

 ≥65

33 (6.8%)

27 (6.5%)

6 (8.6%)

3 (7.1%)

3 (12%)

 Median [IQR]

24 [4–40]

23 [4–43]

24 [4–39]

0.732

23 [4–42]

21 [3–37]

0.721

Sex, n (%)

 Male

191 (39.5%)

151 (36.5%)

40 (57.1%)

0.001

24 (57.1%)

14 (56%)

1.000

 Female

293 (60.5%)

263 (63.5%)

30 (42.9%)

18 (42.9%)

11 (44%)

Provenance, n (%)

 Urban

316 (65.3%)

264 (63.8%)

52 (74.3%)

0.103

30 (71.4%)

19 (76%)

0.780

 Rural

168 (34.7%)

150 (36.2%)

18 (25.7%)

12 (28.6%)

6 (24%)

Ethnicity, n (%)

 Bamiléké

429 (89%)

363 (88%)

66 (94%)

0.151

40 (95%)

24 (96%)

1.000

 Others

55 (11%)

51 (12%)

4 (6%)

2 (5%)

1 (4%)

Co-morbidity, n (%)

 No

448 (92.6%)

383 (92.5%)

65 (92.9%)

1.000

38 (90.5%)

24 (96%)

0.643

 Yes

36 (7.4%)

31 (7.5%)

5 (7.1%)

4 (9.5%)

1 (4)

 Diabetes

8 (1.6%)

8 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 AHT

19 (3.9%)

15 (3.7%)

4 (5.7%)

3 (7.1%)

1 (4%)

 AHT + diabetes

5 (1.1%)

5 (1.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 AHT + bronchial asthma

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Bronchial asthma

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 HIV infection

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 HCV infection

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.4%)

1 (2.4%)

0 (0%)

Pregnancy, n (%)c

 Yes

17 (5.8%)

15 (5.7%)

2 (6.7%)

0.688

0 (0%)

2 (18.2%)

0.135

 No

276 (94.2%)

248 (94.3%)

28 (93.3%)

18 (100%)

9 (81.8%)

Previous anti-malarial self-medication, n (%)d

 Yes

198 (40.9%)

168 (40.6%)

30 (42.9%)

0.952

18 (42.9%)

11 (44%)

0.952

 No

286 (59.1%)

246 (59.4%)

40 (57.1%)

24 (57.1%)

14 (56%)

Diagnostic delay (days)

 Median [range]

3 [2–7]

3 [1–6]

3 [2–7]

0.144

3.5 [2–7]

3 [2–7]

0.707

  1. [IQR] interquartile range, AHT arterial hypertension
  2. a68 Plasmodium mono-infections (42 P. falciparum, 25 P. vivax, 1 P. malariae) and 2 P. falciparum + P. vivax co-infections
  3. bTwo co-infected (P. falciparum + P. vivax) patients not included in the analysis
  4. cOnly among women
  5. dAnti-malarial drugs taken after the onset of fever and before the medical consultation
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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