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Table 1 Biochemical and molecular characteristics of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations tested

From: WHO cone bio-assays of classical and new-generation long-lasting insecticidal nets call for innovative insecticides targeting the knock-down resistance mechanism in Benin

Strains of An. gambiae s.l.

Average oxidase activity (min/mg protein)

Average α esterase activity (min/mg protein)

Average β esterase activity (min/mg protein)

Average glutathione-S-transferase activity (min/mg protein)

kdr frequency

Kisumu

0.1015a

0.07409a

0.07655a

0.3846a

0a

Agblangandan

0.07966a

0.07883a

0.06117a

0.7319b

0.03a

Abomey-Calavi

0.08454a

0.07149a

0.05929a

0.4295a

0.93 b

Akron

0.1604b

0.08589a

0.07897a

2.221b

0.74 b

Houeyiho

0.17.39b

0.07694a

0.08774a

0.4042a

0.9 b

Vossa

0.07566a

0.06897a

0.06389a

0.7078a

0.84 b

Ladji

0.1737b

0.07146a

0.0774a

1.194b

0.92 b

Bame

0.1106a

0.0588a

0.06223a

0.2901a

0.78b

Malanville

0.06549a

0.04949a

0.04871a

0.1723a

0.90 b

Parakou

0.1536b

0.08124a

0.08871a

0.4698a

0.74 b

Tanguieta

0.2267b

0.1585b

0.1442b

1.182b

0.85 b

  1. a, bValues with the same superscript do not differ significantly at α = 0.05