Variable | Univariate OR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
20–34 | 1 | |||
35–50 | 1.173 (0.621–2.214) | 0.623 | ||
51 + | 0.741 (0.381–1.442) | 0.377 | ||
Gender | ||||
Male | 1.567 (0.957–2.567) | 0.074 | ||
Female | 1 | |||
Marital status | ||||
Married or living together | 2.059 (1.094–3.875) | 0.025 | ||
Single/divorced/widow | 1 | |||
Educational level | ||||
None | 1 | |||
Primary | 1.607 (0.921–2.806) | 0.095 | ||
Post-primary/vocational | 1.059 (0.182–6.156) | 0.949 | ||
Secondary school or higher | 1.324 (0.379–4.619) | 0.660 | ||
Family size | ||||
1–5 people | 1.601 (0.977–2.625) | 0.062 | ||
6 + | 1 | |||
Involvement in rice farming (years) | ||||
0–5 | 6.344 (2.061–19.529) | 0.001 | 4.939 (1.504–16.218) | 0.008 |
6–14 | 3.229 (1.889–5.521) | 0.000 | 1.900 (1.007–3.587) | 0.048 |
15 + | 1 | |||
Household income from rice cultivation | ||||
0–50% | 2.155 (1.226–3.788) | 0.008 | ||
51% + | 1 | |||
Capital given for cooperative membership | ||||
0–3000 RWF | 7.765 (3.697–16.308) | 0.000 | 6.103 (2.639–14.113) | 0.000 |
3001–20,000 RWF | 2.144 (1.211–3.794) | 0.009 | 1.870 (0.966–3.620) | 0.063 |
20,001 RWF+ | 1 | |||
Rice profitable | ||||
No/hardly/modestly | 1.995 (1.197–3.325) | 0.008 | 1.843 (1.021–3.328) | 0.043 |
Yes, very much | 1 | |||
Malaria transmission | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Mosquito/Anopheles | 1.441 (0.617–3.365) | 0.399 | ||
Malaria symptoms | ||||
1–3 symptoms | 1 | |||
4 + | 3.114 (1.658–5.848) | 0.000 | 3.115 (1.565–6.203) | 0.001 |
Frequent mosquito bites in marshlands | ||||
Almost never/once in a while | 1 | |||
Often/very often | 1.624 (0.572–4.611) | 0.362 | ||
Rice cultivation as potential mosquito breeding site | ||||
Not at all important/minor importance | 1 | |||
Important/very important | 0.784 (0.211–2.916) | 0.716 | ||
Ever heard about larviciding | ||||
No | 1 | |||
Yes | 3.985 (1.377–11.534) | 0.011 | ||
Larviciding safety on rice consumers | ||||
None/little | 1 | |||
Much/very much | 1.557 (0.852–2.846) | 0.150 | ||
Larviciding safety on rice farmers | ||||
None/little | 1 | |||
Much/very much | 1.490 (0.814–2.727) | 0.196 | ||
Larviciding safety on living organisms | ||||
None/little | 1 | |||
Much/very much | 2.442 (1.217–4.901) | 0.012 | 2.357 (1.114–4.985) | 0.025 |
Larviciding reduce mosquito abundance | ||||
None/little | 1 | |||
Much/very much | 1.386 (0.827–2.322) | 0.215 | ||
Larviciding reduce malaria risk | ||||
None/little | 1 | |||
Much/very much | 1.003 (0.612–1.644) | 0.990 |