Table 2 Association of anaemia and parasitaemia with household and clinical characteristics among children 6-30 months of age enrolled into the 2005 HH and EPI-HF surveys (adjusted for clustering)
2005 | Household surveys (N = 926) | EPI-Health facility surveys (N = 1637) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | Anaemia (Hb<8 g/dl) n (%) | χ2 P-value | Parasitaemia n (%) | χ2 P-value | Anaemia (Hb<8 g/dl) n (%) | χ2 P-value | Parasitaemia n (%) | χ2 P-value |
Age (months) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   6-8 | 42 (28.0) | 0.05 | 31 (25.6) | 0.45 | 77 (21.0) | 0.07 | 108 (31.3) | 0.85 |
   9-11 | 26 (13.9) |  | 22 (14.6) |  | 55(17.8) |  | 88 (30.3) |  |
   12-17 | 50 (19.4) |  | 48 (21.5) |  | 105(20.8) |  | 138 (29.6) |  |
   18-23 | 37 (16.3) |  | 48 (16.3) |  | 34(12.4) |  | 74 (29.0) |  |
   24-29 | 29 (15.1) |  | 46 (17.1) |  | 28(15.6) |  | 56 (35.0) |  |
District | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Phalombe | 47 (22.1) | <.0001 | 51(27.8) | <.0001 |  | 0.06 | - | <.0001 |
   Blantyre | 13 (19.8) |  | 15(14.9) |  | 118(22.3) |  | 52 (11.1) |  |
   Chiradzulu | 18 (20.2) |  | 15(20.5) |  | - |  | - |  |
   Mwanza | 36 (28.3) |  | 61(50.4) |  | - |  | - |  |
   Lilongwe | 37 (33.0) |  | 30(42.0) |  | 108 (19.7) |  | 307 (58.9) |  |
   Rumphi | 33 (11.1) |  | 23(7.82) |  | 73 (13.1) |  | 105 (19.9) |  |
Wealth quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Poorest | 48 (23.2) | 0.60 | 53 (23.5) | 0.16 | 80(28.9) | <.000 | 79 (30.6) | 0.02 |
   2nd | 44 (18.4) |  | 47 (22.4) |  | 75(22.5) | 1 | 133 (42.1) |  |
   3rd | 48 (17.4) |  | 45 (14.2) |  | 49(16.5) |  | 91 (32.7) |  |
   4th | 33 (17.5) |  | 40 (20.6) |  | 49(14.5) |  | 80 (26.0) |  |
   Wealthiest | 11 (13.1) |  | 10 (9.04) |  | 46(11.8) |  | 81 (22.8) |  |
History of fever | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 104 (24.0) | 0.002 | 109 25.3) | 0.003 | 144(22.8) | 0.004 | 173 (30.2) | 0.87 |
   No | 80 (14.3) |  | 86 (14.1) |  | 155(15.4) |  | 291 (30.8) |  |
Currently febrile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 17 (26.0) | 0.08 | 16 (34.3) | 0.03 | 56 (29.3) | 0.001 | 68 (40.0) | 0.02 |
   No | 153 (16.2) |  | 179(18.1) |  | 243 (16.8) |  | 395 (29.4) |  |
Clinical malaria | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 7 (48.1) | .006 | NA |  | 21 (30.9) | .006 | NA |  |
   No | 138 (15.4) |  |  |  | 260 (18.0) |  |  |  |
Slept under a net the previous night | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 56 (12.9) | 0.002 | 63 (14.1) | 0.04 | 102 (15.2) | 0.03 | 167 (27.1) | 0.06 |
   No | 128 (22.9) |  | 132(23.1) |  | 197 (20.4) |  | 297 (33.0) |  |
Slept under ITN previous night | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 53 (14.0) | 0.03 | 54 (13.9) | 0.05 | 89 (14.8) | 0.01 | 155 (27.9) | 0.18 |
   No | 131 (21.5) |  | 141 22.5) |  | 210 (20.3) |  | 309 (32.2) |  |