Molecular surveillance for drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in clinical and subclinical populations from three border regions of Burma/Myanmar: cross-sectional data and a systematic review of resistance studies

Table 2 Pfmdr1 copy number (CN) among subclinical and clinical isolates from three regions of Myanmar 2008–2009

	pfmdr1 CN				% CN >1.5
	1	2	3	4	(95% CI)^a	OR (95% CI)^a
Karen State (n = 40)	33	6	0	1	17.5 (0–54.3)
Clinic	21	0	0	0	0.0
Screening	12	6	0	1	35.0	n/a
Kachin State (n = 18)	16	2	0	0	9.6 (0–31.6)
Clinic	5	1	0	0	16.7
Screening	11	1	0	0	8.3	0.5 (0.0–7.8)^b
Chin-Mizoram (n = 115)	104	11	0	0	11.1 (0–32.1)
Clinic	76	6	0	0	7.3
Screening	28	5	0	0	15.2	2.3 (1.1-4.7)^b
Screening vs clinicalTotal (n = 173)	153	19	0	1	11.6 (2.7-20.4)
Clinic	102	7	0	0	6.4
Screening	51	12	0	1	20.3	3.7 (1.1-12.5)^b
Anti-malarial treatment Total (n = 168)	148	20	0	1
No treatment in past 8 weeks	117	17	0	1	12.7
Treatment in past 8 wks	31	3	0	0	8.8	0.7 (0.1-3.1)^c

^aCIs adjusted for clustering within study site (n = 13).
^bOR = odds of pfmdr1 amplification among screening participants/odds of amplification among febrile clinical patients.
^c OR = odds among participants reporting treatment in past 8 weeks/odds among those not reporting treatment in previous eight weeks.

ISSN: 1475-2875