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  1. Integrated community case management of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea can reduce mortality in children under five years (CU5) in resource-poor countries. There is growing interest in expanding malaria comm...

    Authors: Dean Sayre, Laura C. Steinhardt, Judickaelle Irinantenaina, Catherine Dentinger, Tsinjo Fehizoro Rasoanaivo, Laurent Kapesa, Jocelyn Razafindrakoto, Agathe Legrand, Nicole Prada, Julie Gutman, Lauren Lewis, Reziky Tiandraza Mangahasimbola, Mauricette Andriamananjara, Aimée Vololoniala Ravaoarinosy, Nicolas Ralemary, Andres Garchitorena…

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:422

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. The emergence and spread of malaria drug resistance have resulted in the need to understand disease mechanisms and importantly identify essential targets and potential drug candidates. Malaria infection involv...

    Authors: Francis E. Agamah, Delesa Damena, Michelle Skelton, Anita Ghansah, Gaston K. Mazandu and Emile R. Chimusa

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:421

    Content type: Research

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  3. Health workers (HWs) appropriate malaria case management includes early detection and prompt treatment with appropriate anti-malarial drugs. Subsequently, HWs readiness and practice are considered authentic ev...

    Authors: Hosein Azizi, Reza Majdzadeh, Ayat Ahmadi, Elham Davtalab Esmaeili, Behrouz Naghili and Mohammad Ali Mansournia

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:420

    Content type: Research

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  4. Malaria transmission is highly seasonal in Niger. Despite the introduction of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in the Magaria District, malaria incidence remains high, and the epidemiology of malaria in ...

    Authors: Matthew E. Coldiron, Bachir Assao, Ousmane Guindo, Nathan Sayinzoga-Makombe, Alena Koscalova, Esther Sterk, Michel Quere, Iza Ciglenecki, Ann Mumina, Salifou Atti, Céline Langendorf and Rebecca F. Grais

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:419

    Content type: Research

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  5. The urban–rural designation has been an important risk factor in infectious disease epidemiology. Many studies rely on a politically determined dichotomization of rural versus urban spaces, which fails to capt...

    Authors: Peter S. Larson, Joseph N. S. Eisenberg, Veronica J. Berrocal, Don P. Mathanga and Mark L. Wilson

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:418

    Content type: Research

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  6. Haemosporidioses are common in birds and their manifestations range from subclinical infections to severe disease, depending on the involved parasite and bird species. Clinical haemosporidioses are often obser...

    Authors: Tanja Himmel, Josef Harl, Julia Matt and Herbert Weissenböck

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:417

    Content type: Research

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  7. Although the association between malaria and anaemia is widely studied in patient cohorts, the population-representative causal effects of malaria on anaemia remain unknown. This study estimated the malaria-in...

    Authors: Tim Starck, Caroline A. Bulstra, Halidou Tinto, Toussaint Rouamba, Ali Sie, Thomas Jaenisch and Till Bärnighausen

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:416

    Content type: Research

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  8. Supplementary tools are required to address the limitations of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), which are currently the core vector control methods against malaria in Africa....

    Authors: Emmanuel W. Kaindoa, Arnold S. Mmbando, Ruth Shirima, Emmanuel E. Hape and Fredros O. Okumu

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:415

    Content type: Review

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  9. Research on mosquito-microbe interactions may lead to new tools for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control. To date, such research has largely utilized laboratory-reared mosquitoes that typically lack the...

    Authors: Nsa Dada, Ana Cristina Benedict, Francisco López, Juan C. Lol, Mili Sheth, Nicole Dzuris, Norma Padilla and Audrey Lenhart

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:414

    Content type: Research

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  10. In cluster randomized trials (CRTs) or stepped wedge cluster randomized trials (SWCRTs) of malaria interventions, mosquito movement leads to contamination between trial arms unless buffer zones separate the cl...

    Authors: Lea Multerer, Fiona Vanobberghen, Tracy R. Glass, Alexandra Hiscox, Steven W. Lindsay, Willem Takken, Alfred Tiono and Thomas Smith

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:413

    Content type: Research

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  11. Western Rajasthan in India has a typical desert climate. Until the introduction of the canal water irrigation system, malaria was an unstable and seasonal occurrence. Due to the scarcity of water, the communit...

    Authors: Himmat Singh, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Kumar Vikram, Rekha Saxena and Amit Sharma

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:412

    Content type: Research

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  12. Microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films is the gold standard in current guidelines for the diagnosis of malaria, but guidelines do not uniformly agree on which combination of other methods should...

    Authors: Marrit B. Boonstra, Rob Koelewijn, Eric A. T. Brienen, Welmoed Silvis, Foekje F. Stelma, Theo G. Mank, Bert Mulder, Lisette van Lieshout and Jaap J. van Hellemond

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:411

    Content type: Research

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  13. The C580Y mutation in the Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 gene is the most commonly observed variant in artemisinin-resistant isolates in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Until 2017, it had not been identified o...

    Authors: Naoko Yoshida, Masato Yamauchi, Ryosuke Morikawa, Francis Hombhanje and Toshihiro Mita

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:410

    Content type: Research

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  14. Although malaria and Anopheles mosquito vectors are highly prevalent in Côte d’Ivoire, limited data are available to help understand the malaria vector density and transmission dynamics in areas bordering the cou...

    Authors: Firmain N. Yokoly, Julien B. Z. Zahouli, Graham Small, Allassane F. Ouattara, Millicent Opoku, Dziedzom K. de Souza and Benjamin G. Koudou

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:409

    Content type: Research

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  15. Standard treatment for both uncomplicated and severe malaria is artemisinin derivatives. Delayed parasite clearance times preceded the appearance of artemisinin treatment failures in Southeast Asia. Most world...

    Authors: Alexuse M. Saidi, Geoffrey Guenther, Rima Izem, Xiaojun Chen, Karl Seydel and Douglas Postels

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:408

    Content type: Research

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  16. Malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea continue to be the leading causes of death in children under the age of five years (U5) in Uganda. To combat these febrile illnesses, integrated community case management (iCCM...

    Authors: Patrick Lubogo, John Edward Lukyamuzi, Deo Kyambadde, Alex Aboda Komakech, Freddy Eric Kitutu and Edgar Mugema Mulogo

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:407

    Content type: Research

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  17. Pyrethroid resistance poses a major threat to the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in Burkina Faso and throughout sub-Saharan Africa, particularly where resistance is present at high intensity. For ...

    Authors: Aristide S. Hien, Dieudonné D. Soma, Samina Maiga, Dramane Coulibaly, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Allison Belemvire, Mame B. Diouf, Djenam Jacob, Adama Koné, Ellen Dotson, Taiwo S. Awolola, Richard M. Oxborough and Roch K. Dabiré

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:406

    Content type: Research

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  18. Despite the widespread use of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), purified native HRP2 antigen is not standardly used in research applications or assessment of RDTs used in the...

    Authors: Balwan Singh, Jessica N. McCaffery, Amy Kong, Yong Ah, Scott Wilson, Sayan Chatterjee, Deepak Tomar, Michael Aidoo, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar and Eric Rogier

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:405

    Content type: Methodology

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  19. Progress in the fight against malaria has stalled in recent years, highlighting the importance of new interventions and tailored approaches. A critical factor that must be considered across contexts and interv...

    Authors: April Monroe, Sarah Moore, Bolanle Olapeju, Alice Payne Merritt and Fredros Okumu

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:404

    Content type: Opinion

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  20. In 2018, the National Malaria Control Programme in Vietnam switched from prioritizing malaria control to elimination. However, with the ongoing elimination programme, there are still areas where residual malar...

    Authors: Thai Quang Nguyen, Manh Duc Nguyen, Vinh Xuan Pham, Huan Mah Ro, Michael D. Edstein, Weng K. Chow, Nicholas J. Martin, Jeffrey C. Hertz and Maysa T. Motoki

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:403

    Content type: Research

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  21. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) is a comprehensive treatment protocol of anti-malarial drugs administered to pregnant women to prevent malaria, started at the fourth pregnancy ...

    Authors: Issa Doumbia, Fomba Seydou, Koné Diakalia and Issam Bennis

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:402

    Content type: Research

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  23. Despite the growing evidence that malaria and anaemia are two interlinked health problems of school-aged children (SAC) in developing countries, there is scarce information about malaria among SAC in Ethiopia....

    Authors: Zerihun Zerdo, Hilde Bastiaens, Sibyl Anthierens, Fekadu Massebo, Matewos Masne, Gelila Biresaw, Misgun Shewangizaw, Abayneh Tunje, Yilma Chisha, Tsegaye Yohannes and Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:400

    Content type: Research

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  25. Due to the threat of emerging anti-malarial resistance, the World Health Organization recommends incorporating surveillance for molecular markers of anti-malarial resistance into routine therapeutic efficacy s...

    Authors: Arlindo Chidimatembue, Samaly S. Svigel, Alfredo Mayor, Pedro Aíde, Abel Nhama, Lídia Nhamussua, Arsénio Nhacolo, Quique Bassat, Crizólgo Salvador, Sónia Enosse, Abuchahama Saifodine, Eva De Carvalho, Baltazar Candrinho, Rose Zulliger, Ira Goldman, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar…

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:398

    Content type: Research

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  26. In rural Burkina Faso, the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) primarily feeds indoors at night. Identification of factors which influence mosquito house entry could lead to development of ...

    Authors: Jean Baptiste Yaro, Alfred B. Tiono, Antoine Sanou, Hyacinthe K. Toe, John Bradley, Alphonse Ouedraogo, Z. Amidou Ouedraogo, Moussa W. Guelbeogo, Efundem Agboraw, Eve Worrall, N.’Fale Sagnon, Steven W. Lindsay and Anne L. Wilson

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:397

    Content type: Research

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  27. Eliminating malaria and preventing re-establishment of malaria transmission in border areas requires universal coverage of malaria surveillance and a rapid response to any threats (i.e. malaria cues) of re-est...

    Authors: Jian-Wei Xu, Zu-Rui Lin, Yao-Wu Zhou, Rogan Lee, Hai-Mo Shen, Xiao-Dong Sun, Qi-Yan Chen, Kai-Xia Duan, Peng Tian, Chun-Li Ding, Shi-Yan Xu, Hui Liu and Hong-Ning Zhou

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:396

    Content type: Review

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  28. Innovative tools are needed to complement the existing approach for malaria elimination. Gene drive mosquitoes are one potential new technology in the control of malaria vectors. Target Malaria is one of the r...

    Authors: Lea Pare Toe, Nourou Barry, Anselme D. Ky, Souleymane Kekele, Wilfrid Meda, Korotimi Bayala, Mouhamed Drabo, Delphine Thizy and Abdoulaye Diabate

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:395

    Content type: Research

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  29. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are commonly used for the diagnosis of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. However, false negative results of RDT caused by genetic variation of P. falciparum histidine-rich prot...

    Authors: Gezahegn Solomon Alemayehu, Alebachew Messele, Kayla Blackburn, Karen Lopez, Eugenia Lo, Daniel Janies and Lemu Golassa

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:394

    Content type: Research

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  30. Due to the effect of synthetic and commercial insecticides on non-target organisms and the resistance of mosquitoes, non-chemical and environmentally friendly methods have become prevalent in recent years. The...

    Authors: Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi, Tahereh Sadat Asgarian, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat and Saeedeh Javar

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:393

    Content type: Research

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  31. Primaquine is a gametocytocidal drug recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in a single-low dose combined with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment and prevention of Plasmodiu...

    Authors: Dominic Mosha, Mwaka A. Kakolwa, Muhidin K. Mahende, Honorati Masanja, Salim Abdulla, Chris Drakeley, Roland Gosling and Joyce Wamoyi

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:392

    Content type: Research

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  32. Plasmodium 18S rRNA is a sensitive biomarker for detecting Plasmodium infection in human blood. Dried blood spots (DBS) are a practical sample type for malaria field studies to collect, store, and transport large...

    Authors: Ming Chang, Selena Johnston, Annette M. Seilie, Dianna Hergott and Sean C. Murphy

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:391

    Content type: Methodology

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  33. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Mozambique since 2006, with artemether–lumefantrine (AL) and amodiaquine–artesunate (AS–AQ...

    Authors: Abel Nhama, Lídia Nhamússua, Eusébio Macete, Quique Bassat, Crizolgo Salvador, Sónia Enosse, Baltazar Candrinho, Eva Carvalho, Arsénio Nhacolo, Arlindo Chidimatembue, Abuchahama Saifodine, Rose Zulliger, Naomi Lucchi, Samaly S. Svigel, Leah F. Moriarty, Eric S. Halsey…

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:390

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  34. Malaria remains a major public health concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and school-age children are relatively neglected in malaria prevalence surveys and may constitute a significant reservoi...

    Authors: Sabin S. Nundu, Richard Culleton, Shirley V. Simpson, Hiroaki Arima, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Toshihiro Mita, Steve Ahuka and Taro Yamamoto

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:389

    Content type: Research

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  35. Female mosquitoes serve as vectors for a host of illnesses, including malaria, spread by the Plasmodium parasite. Despite monumental strides to reduce this disease burden through tools such as bed nets, the rate ...

    Authors: Beverly I. Anaele, Karan Varshney, Francis S. O. Ugwu and Rosemary Frasso

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:388

    Content type: Review

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  36. Long-lasting efficacy of insecticide-treated nets is a balance between adhesion, retention and migration of insecticide to the surface of netting fibres. ICON® Maxx is a twin-sachet ‘home-treatment kit’ of pyreth...

    Authors: Patrick K. Tungu, Wema S. Sudi, Harparkash Kaur, Stephen M. Magesa and Mark Rowland

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:387

    Content type: Research

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  37. Zambia continues to advance on the path to elimination with significant reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality. Crucial components that have contributed to progress thus far and are necessary for achiev...

    Authors: Mulenga C. Mwenda, Abebe A. Fola, Ilinca I. Ciubotariu, Conceptor Mulube, Brenda Mambwe, Rachael Kasaro, Moonga B. Hawela, Busiku Hamainza, John M. Miller, Giovanna Carpi and Daniel J. Bridges

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:386

    Content type: Research

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  38. One of the major challenges in developing an effective vaccine against asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum is genetic polymorphism within parasite population. Understanding the genetic polymorphism like block...

    Authors: Temesgen File, Tsegaye Chekol, Gezahegn Solomon, Hunduma Dinka and Lemu Golassa

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:385

    Content type: Research

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  39. Rapid accurate diagnosis followed by effective treatment is very important for malaria control. Light microscopy remains the “golden standard” method for malaria diagnosis. Diagnostic test method must have suf...

    Authors: Daniel Getacher Feleke, Yonas Alemu and Nebiyou Yemanebirhane

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:384

    Content type: Research

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  40. Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum results in severe complications including cerebral malaria (CM) especially in children. While the majority of falciparum malaria survivors make a full recovery, there are r...

    Authors: Akua A. Karikari, Wasco Wruck and James Adjaye

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:383

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. The Mount Cameroon area has experienced a 57.2% decline in confirmed malaria cases between 2006 and 2013 with the implementation of different control measures but, the disease is still of public health concern...

    Authors: Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele, Rene Ning Teh, Gillian Asoba Nkeudem, Sorelle Mekachie Sandie, Marcel Nyuylam Moyeh, Robert Adamu Shey, Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo, Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Luay Alkazmi and Helen Kuokuo Kimbi

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:382

    Content type: Research

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  42. The ability to culture Plasmodium falciparum continuously in vitro has enabled stable access to asexual and sexual parasites for malaria research. The portfolio of isolates has remained limited and research is st...

    Authors: Marga van de Vegte-Bolmer, Wouter Graumans, Rianne Stoter, Geert-Jan van Gemert, Robert Sauerwein, Katharine A. Collins and Teun Bousema

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:381

    Content type: Methodology

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  43. Globally, there are over 200 million cases of malaria annually and over 400,000 deaths. Early and accurate detection of low-density parasitaemia and asymptomatic individuals is key to achieving the World Healt...

    Authors: Ashlee J. Colbert, Katrina Co, Giselle Lima-Cooper, Dong Hoon Lee, Katherine N. Clayton, Steven T. Wereley, Chandy C. John, Jacqueline C. Linnes and Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:380

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. The diagnosis of malaria, using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), requires the collection of capillary blood. This procedure is relatively simple to perform but invasive and poses potential risks to...

    Authors: Ewurama Dedea Ampadu Owusu, Ana Campillo, Jennifer Daily and Xavier C. Ding

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:379

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Screening malaria-specific antibody responses on protein microarrays can help identify immune factors that mediate protection against malaria infection, disease, and transmission, as well as markers of past ex...

    Authors: Christine F. Markwalter, Myat Htut Nyunt, Zay Yar Han, Ricardo Henao, Aarti Jain, Omid Taghavian, Philip L. Felgner, Kay Thwe Han, Myaing M. Nyunt and Christopher V. Plowe

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:378

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Plasmodium spp. sporozoite rates in mosquitoes are used to better understand malaria transmission intensity, the relative importance of vector species and the impact of interventions. These rates are typically es...

    Authors: Alice C. Sutcliffe, Seth R. Irish, Eric Rogier, Micaela Finney, Sarah Zohdy and Ellen M. Dotson

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:377

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

  47. The FcγRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between FcγR...

    Authors: Amre Nasr, Ahmad Aljada, Osama Hamid, Hatim A. Elsheikh, Emad Masuadi, Ahmad Al-Bawab, Themer H. Alenazi, Amir Abushouk and Ayman M. Salah

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:376

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Venezuela accounted for 55% of the cases and 73% of the malaria deaths in the Americas in 2019. Bolivar state, in the southeast, contributes > 60% of the country's Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum cases...

    Authors: David A. Forero-Peña, Fhabián S. Carrión-Nessi, Melynar Chavero, Ángel Gamardo, Luisamy Figuera, Natasha A. Camejo-Ávila, María V. Marcano, Mariana Hidalgo, Cariagne J. Arenas-Leal, Leopoldo Villegas, María E. Grillet, M. Andreína Pacheco, Marisol Sandoval-de Mora and Ananías A. Escalante

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:375

    Content type: Research

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  49. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (PfEBA-175) is a candidate antigen for a blood-stage malaria vaccine, while various polymorphisms and dimorphism have prevented to development of effective va...

    Authors: Pei-Kui Yang, Xue-Yan Liang, Min Lin, Jiang-Tao Chen, Hui-Ying Huang, Li-Yun Lin, Carlos Salas Ehapo, Urbano Monsuy Eyi, Yu-Zhong Zheng, Dong-De Xie, Jin-Quan He, Huan-Tong Mo, Xin-Yao Chen, Xiang-Zhi Liu and Ying-E. Wu

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:374

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. French Guiana (FG) is a French overseas territory where malaria is endemic. The current incidence rate is 0.74‰ inhabitants, and Plasmodium vivax is widely predominating even though Plasmodium falciparum is still...

    Authors: Jean Marc Pujo, Stéphanie Houcke, Sarah Lemmonier, Patrick Portecop, Alexis Frémery, Denis Blanchet, Felix Djossou, Hatem Kallel and Magalie Demar

    Citation: Malaria Journal 2021 20:369

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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