Exploration of larvicidal activity of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) wild seed crude extracts in different solvents against malaria (Anopheles stephensi) and dengue (Aedes aegypti) vectors

Table 1 Larvicidal activity of different extracts of V.anthelmintica seeds against Late III/Early VI instar larvae of A. stephensi. No mortality was observed in the controls

Solvent used for extraction	Concentration of crude extract (ppm)	Mortality (%)	LC₅₀ (ppm) (LCL - UCL)	LC₉₀(ppm)(LCL-UCL)	X ^2a
Ethanol	50	100	1.945	10.492	5.220
	25	99	(1.488 - 2.392)	(8.479 - 13.837)
	12.5	92
	6.25	75
	3.13	63
	1.56	48
Hexane	50	72	22.452	147.764	2.725
	25	48	(18.692 - 27.831)	(100.792 - 248.774)
	12.5	36
	6.25	23
	3.13	9
	1.56	2
Acetone	50	83	9.124	74.713	2.231
	25	72	(7.606 - 10.957)	(53.036 - 118.306)
	12.5	62
	6.25	41
	3.13	28
	1.56	11
Chloroform	50	100	3.535	18.324	14.713**
	25	98	(1.880 - 5.401)	(10.974 - 52.048)
	12.5	79
	6.25	57
	3.13	45
	1.56	34
Methanol	50	100	3.974	15.979	8.367
	25	97	(3.413 - 4.567)	(13.198 - 20.310)
	12.5	87
	6.25	56
	3.13	40
	1.56	25

LC₅₀ Lethal concentration that kills 50% of exposed larvae; LC₉₀ Lethal concentration that kills 90% of exposed larvae; LCL Lower confidence limits; UCL Upper confidence limits; χ²Chi-square; ** Significant at P <0.01; ^a degree of freedom 4

ISSN: 1475-2875