Exploration of larvicidal activity of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) wild seed crude extracts in different solvents against malaria (Anopheles stephensi) and dengue (Aedes aegypti) vectors

Table 2 Larvicidal activity of different extracts of V.anthelmintica seeds against Late III/Early VI instar larvae of A.aegypti. No mortality was observed in the control

Solvent used for extraction	Concentration of crude extract (ppm)	Mortality (%)	LC₅₀ (ppm) (LCL - UCL)	LC₉₀(ppm)(LCL-UCL)	X ^2a
Ethanol	50	100	3.461	12.804	15.230**
	25	99	(2.088 - 5.012)	(8.267 - 30.435)
	12.5	94
	6.25	59
	3.13	43
	1.56	29
Hexane	50	83	14.503	105.282	5.062
	25	61	(12.174 - 17.563)	(73.710 - 169.855)
	12.5	40
	6.25	30
	3.13	21
	1.56	6
Acetone	50	93	5.563	47.350	1.837
	25	80	(4.537 - 6.699)	(34.556 - 72.194)
	12.5	66
	6.25	51
	3.13	40
	1.56	22
Chloroform	50	99	2.761	14.009	3.024
	25	98	(2.244 - 3.285)	(11.338 - 18.379)
	12.5	88
	6.25	69
	3.13	53
	1.56	36
Methanol	50	100	3.393	12.945	9.720*
	25	100	(2.301 - 4.584)	(8.950 - 24.277)
	12.5	89
	6.25	65
	3.13	42
	1.56	30

LC₅₀ Lethal concentration that kills 50% of exposed larvae; LC₉₀ Lethal concentration that kills 90% of exposed larvae; LCL Lower confidence limits; UCL Upper confidence limits; χ² Chi-square;* Significant at P <0.05;** Significant at P <0.01; ^a degree of freedom 4

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